@article{nokey,

title = {Territoriality and the Quest for a Unitary Copyright Title},

author = {van Eechoud, M.},

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40319-023-01412-w},

doi = {10.1007/s40319-023-01412-w},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-02-01},

journal = {IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law },

abstract = {After 30 years of harmonization at EU level, copyright and related rights remain decidedly territorial in scope. This is despite the continuous quest for an internal market and the profound impact on cross-border creation, dissemination and use of cultural content. This contribution recounts the outcome of research done on territoriality in the context of the ReCreating Europe project. It discusses why national territorial rights persist, what type of legal mechanisms the EU legislature employs to address the adverse effects of territoriality, and sketches a number of models for a unitary title based on Art. 118 TFEU which could be explored going forward.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 15 september 2023 },

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_nj_2024_6/},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-02-01},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

number = {6},

issue = {1},

pages = {195-196},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie van de Europese Gemeenschappen 4 mei 2023 (F.F. / \"{O}sterreichische Datenschutzbeh\"{o}rde)},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_nj_2024_1/},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-02-01},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

number = {1},

issue = {1},

pages = {8-10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Hof Amsterdam 13 december 2022},

author = {van Eechoud, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/ier-2023-33-roddelpraat-online-uitzending-programma-op-youtube-kanaal-en-website-laten-horen-geheel-auteursrechtelijk-beschermd-werk-van-publiek-bekend-persoon-zond/},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-23},

journal = {Intellectuele Eigendom \& Reclamerecht (IER)},

number = {33},

issue = {5},

pages = {313-316},

abstract = {Roddelpraat. Online uitzending programma op YouTube-kanaal en website \textendash laten horen geheel auteursrechtelijk beschermd werk van publiek bekend persoon zonder rechtvaardiging.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {How the EU Outsources the Task of Human Rights Protection to Platforms and Users: The Case of UGC Monetization},

author = {Senftleben, M. and Quintais, J. and Meiring, A.},

url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4421150

https://btlj.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/0004_38-3_Senftleben.pdf},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-23},

urldate = {2023-10-12},

journal = {Berkeley Technology Law Journal},

volume = {38},

issue = {3},

pages = {933-1010},

abstract = {With the shift from the traditional safe harbor for hosting to statutory content filtering and licensing obligations, EU copyright law has substantially curtailed the freedom of users to upload and share their content creations. Seeking to avoid overbroad inroads into freedom of expression, EU law obliges online platforms and the creative industry to take into account human rights when coordinating their content filtering actions. Platforms must also establish complaint and redress procedures for users. The European Commission will initiate stakeholder dialogues to identify best practices. These “safety valves” in the legislative package, however, are mere fig leaves. Instead of safeguarding human rights, the EU legislator outsources human rights obligations to the platform industry. At the same time, the burden of policing content moderation systems is imposed on users who are unlikely to bring complaints in each individual case. The new legislative design in the EU will thus “conceal” human rights violations instead of bringing them to light. Nonetheless, the DSA rests on the same \textendash highly problematic \textendash approach.



Against this background, the paper discusses the weakening \textendash and potential loss \textendash of fundamental freedoms as a result of the departure from the traditional notice-and-takedown approach. Adding a new element to the ongoing debate on content licensing and filtering, the analysis will devote particular attention to the fact that EU law, for the most part, has left untouched the private power of platforms to determine the “house rules” governing the most popular copyright-owner reaction to detected matches between protected works and content uploads: the (algorithmic) monetization of that content. Addressing the “legal vacuum” in the field of content monetization, the analysis explores outsourcing and concealment risks in this unregulated space. Focusing on large-scale platforms for user-generated content, such as YouTube, Instagram and TikTok, two normative problems come to the fore: (1) the fact that rightholders, when opting for monetization, de facto monetize not only their own rights but also the creative input of users; (2) the fact that user creativity remains unremunerated as long as the monetization option is only available to rightholders. As a result of this configuration, the monetization mechanism disregards users’ right to (intellectual) property and discriminates against user creativity. Against this background, we discuss whether the DSA provisions that seek to ensure transparency of content moderation actions and terms and conditions offer useful sources of information that could empower users. Moreover, we raise the question whether the detailed regulation of platform actions in the DSA may resolve the described human rights dilemmas to some extent.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Opinie: Koranverbranding wordt niet beschermd door de vrijheid van meningsuiting},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/NRC_Dommering.pdf},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-18},

urldate = {2024-01-18},

journal = {NRC Handelsblad},

abstract = {Een boekverbranding is geen onderdeel van het uitwisselen van meningen met andersdenkenden, maar juist het tot zwijgen brengen van tegenstanders, stelt Egbert Dommering.},

note = {18 januari},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {EU copyright law round up \textendash fourth trimester of 2023},

author = {Trapova, A. and Quintais, J.},

url = {https://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2024/01/04/eu-copyright-law-round-up-fourth-trimester-of-2023/},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-04},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Copyright Content Moderation in the European Union: State of the Art, Ways Forward and Policy Recommendations},

author = {Quintais, J. and Katzenbach, C. and Schwemer, S. and Dergacheva, D. and Riis, T. and Mezei, P. and Harkai, I. and Magalh\~{a}es, J.C.},

doi = {10.1007/s40319-023-01409-5},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law },

abstract = {This Opinion describes and summarises the results of the interdisciplinary research carried out by the authors during the course of a three-year project on intermediaries’ practices regarding copyright content moderation. This research includes the mapping of the EU legal framework and intermediaries’ practices regarding copyright content moderation, the evaluation and measuring of the impact of moderation practices and technologies on access and diversity, and a set of policy recommendations. Our recommendations touch on the following topics: the definition of “online content-sharing service provider”; the recognition and operationalisation of user rights; the complementary nature of complaint and redress safeguards; the scope of permissible preventive filtering; the clarification of the relationship between Art. 17 of the new Copyright Directive and the Digital Services Act; monetisation and restrictive content moderation actions; recommender systems and copyright content moderation; transparency and data access for researchers; trade secret protection and transparency of content moderation systems; the relationship between the copyright acquis, the Digital Services Act and the upcoming Artificial Intelligence Act; and human competences in copyright content moderation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Developing Defences for Fashion Upcycling in EU Trademark Law},

author = {Senftleben, M.},

doi = {10.1093/grurint/ikad131},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-12-21},

journal = {GRUR International},

abstract = {Trademarked fashion items pose a particular obstacle to reuse projects in the circular economy. By granting broad exclusive rights, EU trademark law exposes sustainable reuse practices, such as upcycling, to allegations of infringement ranging from (post-sale) confusion to blurring, tarnishment and unfair freeriding. Against that background, this analysis explores strategies to assure fashion re-users that, as long as they do not specifically aim to mislead consumers or damage and exploit protected brand insignia, they can rework trademarked fashion items without risking the verdict of infringement. Two options for enhancing legal certainty will be explored: the first consists in adopting a strict test for ‘use as a trademark’ that could immunise sustainable fashion reuse against allegations of trademark infringement on the ground that consumers understand the specific reuse context and perceive third-party trademarks on circular economy products as mere decorative elements. The second option involves strengthening defences, in particular the referential use defence, by developing labelling guidelines that allow fashion re-users to ensure compliance with the requirement of honest practices in industrial or commercial matters.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {A first look at the copyright relevant parts in the final AI Act compromise},

author = {Keller, P.},

url = {https://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2023/12/11/a-first-look-at-the-copyright-relevant-parts-in-the-final-ai-act-compromise/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-12-11},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Artifici\"{e}le Intelligentie: waar is de werkelijkheid gebleven?},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/ai-computerrecht-2023/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-12-05},

urldate = {2023-12-05},

journal = {Computerrecht},

number = {258},

issue = {6},

pages = {476-483},

abstract = {Er is veel ophef ontstaan over de (te) snelle toepassing van AI in de samenleving. Dit artikel onderzoekt wat AI (in het bijzonder ChatGPT) is. Vervolgens laat het zien waar de invoering van AI al direct wringt in de gebieden van het auteursrecht, de privacy, vrijheid van meningsuiting, openbare besluitvorming en mededingingsrecht. Daarna wordt stilgestaan bij de vraag of de AI-verordening van de EU daar het antwoord op zal zijn. De conclusie is dat dat maar zeer ten dele zo is. Bescherming zal dus moeten komen van normen uit de deelgebieden. Het artikel formuleert tot slot vier beginselen die in ieder deelgebied een AI ‘metakader’ kunnen vormen waarmee een AI-product moet worden beoordeeld.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Afd. bestuursrechtspraak van de Raad van State 15 maart 2023},

author = {Hins, A.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/noot-wouter-hins-bij-abrvs-15-maart-2023/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-11-23},

journal = {Jurisprudentie Bescherming Persoonsgegevens},

number = {74},

issue = {3},

pages = {558-562},

abstract = {Bestuursrechtelijke procedure van een journalist tegen de burgemeester van Amsterdam op grond van de Wet openbaarheid van bestuur (Wob). Verzocht is om informatie over de uitvoering van een gemeentelijk programma ter voorkoming van radicalisering bij jongeren. Daarmee zijn gevoelige persoonsgegevens gemoeid inzake godsdienst en etnische afkomst. Tegelijk is het een materie van groot maatschappelijk belang. De Wob kende geen bijzondere regeling voor het verstrekken van informatie aan journalisten. De Afdeling oordeelt dat artikel 85 AVG (Algemene Verordening Gegevensbescherming) ook niet tot een ruimere regeling verplicht. Het hoger beroep wordt ongegrond verklaard.

In de annotatie wordt gesteld dat de Afdeling meer aandacht had moeten besteden aan de aanvullende werking van artikel 10 EVRM wat betreft de toegang tot overheidsinformatie. Ook wordt ingegaan op enkele wijzigingen die de recente Wet open overheid heeft gebracht.

},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Opinie: De DSA en desinformatie: meer dan censuur alleen},

author = {Leerssen, P.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/opinie_mediaforum_2023_5/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-11-17},

journal = {Mediaforum},

issue = {5},

pages = {157},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Generative AI and Author Remuneration},

author = {Senftleben, M.},

doi = {10.1007/s40319-023-01399-4},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-11-07},

urldate = {2023-11-07},

journal = {IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law },

volume = {54},

pages = {1535-1560},

abstract = {With the evolution of generative AI systems, machine-made productions in the literary and artistic field have reached a level of refinement that allows them to replace human creations. The increasing sophistication of AI systems will inevitably disrupt the market for human literary and artistic works. Generative AI systems provide literary and artistic output much faster and cheaper. It is therefore foreseeable that human authors will be exposed to substitution effects. They may lose income as they are replaced by machines in sectors ranging from journalism and writing to music and visual arts. Considering this trend, the question arises whether it is advisable to take measures to compensate human authors for the reduction in their market share and income. Copyright law could serve as a tool to introduce an AI levy system and ensure the payment of equitable remuneration. In combination with mandatory collective rights management, the new revenue stream could be used to finance social and cultural funds that improve the working and living conditions of flesh-and-blood authors.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Reciprociteit bij bescherming vormgeving na RAAP: Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 31 maart 2023 (Kwantum / Vitra)},

author = {van Eechoud, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_bie_2023_10/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-31},

urldate = {2023-10-31},

journal = {Berichten Industriele Eigendom},

number = {10},

issue = {4},

pages = {221-223},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Inaugural lecture: The Lure of Open Data},

author = {van Eechoud, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/lure-of-open-data/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-31},

note = {Given 24 May 2013, translated from Dutch.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Simplifying the WIPO Broadcasting Treaty: Proposed Amendments to the Third Revised Draft},

author = {Hugenholtz, P.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/wipo-broadcasting-treaty-proposed-amendments/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-25},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Public interest content on audiovisual platforms: access and findability},

author = {McGonagle, T. and Bosch, L. van den and Buijs, D. and Huang, M. and Nazarski, M. and Fahy, R. and Poort, J. and Ulasiuk, I.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/iris-special-2023-01/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-17},

series = {IRIS Special},

note = {IRIS Special, 2023-1, European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg 2023},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Opinie: Koranverbrandingen in Zweden, Denemarken en Nederland},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/njb_2023_29/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-05},

journal = {Nederlands Juristenblad (NJB)},

number = {2125},

issue = {29},

pages = {2480-2482},

abstract = {De stelling van onder andere de Minister van Justitie dat het verbranden van boeken nu eenmaal mag in onze rechtsstaat berust op een dubbele dwaling: \'{e}\'{e}n omtrent het object van de vrijheid van meningsuiting en \'{e}\'{e}n omtrent hoe in deze tijd van sociale media om te gaan met het conflict tussen de vrijheid van meningsuiting en de vrijheid van godsdienst. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Editorial: Open Access: we zijn er bijna \textendash maar tegen welke prijs?},

author = {Hugenholtz, P.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/auteursrecht_2023_3_editorial/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-03},

journal = {Auteursrecht},

issue = {3},

pages = {101-102},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {EU copyright law round up \textendash third trimester of 2023},

author = {Trapova, A. and Quintais, J.},

url = {https://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2023/10/02/eu-copyright-law-round-up-third-trimester-of-2023/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-02},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {An Interdisciplinary Toolbox for Researching the AI-Act},

author = {Metiko\v{s}, L.},

url = {https://verfassungsblog.de/an-interdisciplinary-toolbox-for-researching-the-ai-act/},

doi = {10.17176/20230908-062850-0},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-09-08},

journal = {Verfassungsblog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {Commentaar},

author = {Sax, M.},

editor = {Lukas M. Verburgt \& Jan Willen Duyvendak},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Sax-Commentaar-Academische-Vrijheden-in-Nederland.pdf},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-09-06},

urldate = {2023-09-06},

pages = {109-113},

publisher = {Amsterdam University Press},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@misc{nokey,

title = {AI decrypted: AI, copyright \& text and data mining (TDM)},

author = {Quintais, J.},

url = {https://informationlabs.org/podcasts/ai-lab/joaopedroquintais-06sept23/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-09-06},

urldate = {2023-09-06},

publisher = {AI Lab by Information Labs},

note = {Video podcast at Information Labs.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Column: De procedurele wending van de DSA: het recht op menselijke tussenkomst in content moderation},

author = {Metiko\v{s}, L.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/de-procedurele-wending-van-de-dsa/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-08-08},

journal = {Mediaforum},

issue = {Studenteneditie},

pages = {22},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@proceedings{Ocel\'{i}k2023,

title = {Shifting Battlegrounds: Corporate Political Activity in the General Data Protection Regulation},

author = {Ocel\'{i}k, V., Kolk, A. and Irion, K. },

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/amproc-2023-208bp64/},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.5465/AMPROC.2023.208bp},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-08-03},

urldate = {2023-08-03},

journal = { Academy of Management Proceedings},

volume = {2023},

issue = {1},

abstract = {The impressive body of literature on corporate political activity (CPA) has remained largely silent on the substance of information strategies that firms utilize to influence policymakers. To address this deficiency, our study is situated in the European Union (EU), where political scientists have noted information strategies to be central to achieving lobbying success; the EU also provides a context of global norm-setting activities, especially with its General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Aided by recent advances in the field of unsupervised machine learning, we performed a structural topic model analysis of the entire set of lobby documents submitted during two GDPR consultations, which were obtained via a freedom of information request. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {proceedings}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Defining the ‘media’ in Europe: pitfalls of the proposed European Media Freedom Act},

author = {Seipp, T. and Fahy, R. and Drunen, M. van},

doi = {10.1080/17577632.2023.2240998},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-07-31},

journal = {Journal of Media Law},

abstract = {This comment examines the definition of ‘media’ under the recently-proposed European Media Freedom Act (EMFA), and highlights its potential flaws, while pointing to possible considerations for future improvement. Notably, the narrow service-based approach to defining ‘media’ under Article 2 EMFA appears to be in conflict with the functional approach to defining media under European and international human rights law. Additionally, a lack of transparency and safeguards regarding how the criteria of ‘editorial independence’ is to be assessed, especially under Article 17 EMFA, is problematic. The risk that such decisions are made based on commercial and/or political considerations rather than established standards of media freedom must be avoided, especially when platforms are to assess editorial independence.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Using Terms and Conditions to apply Fundamental Rights to Content Moderation},

author = {Quintais, J. and Appelman, N. and Fahy, R.},

doi = {10.1017/glj.2023.53},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-07-11},

journal = {German Law Journal},

abstract = {Large online platforms provide an unprecedented means for exercising freedom of expression online and wield enormous power over public participation in the online democratic space. However, it is increasingly clear that their systems, where (automated) content moderation decisions are taken based on a platformʼs terms and conditions (T\&Cs), are fundamentally broken. Content moderation systems have been said to undermine freedom of expression, especially where important public interest speech ends up suppressed, such as speech by minority and marginalized groups. Indeed, these content moderation systems have been criticized for their overly vague rules of operation, inconsistent enforcement, and an overdependence on automation. Therefore, in order to better protect freedom of expression online, international human rights bodies and civil society organizations have argued that platforms “should incorporate directly” principles of fundamental rights law into their T\&Cs. Under EU law, and apart from a rule in the Terrorist Content Regulation, platforms had until recently no explicit obligation to incorporate fundamental rights into their T\&Cs. However, an important provision in the Digital Services Act (DSA) will change this. Crucially, Article 14 DSA lays down new rules on how platforms can enforce their T\&Cs, including that platforms must have “due regard” to the “fundamental rights” of users under the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. In this article, we critically examine the topic of enforceability of fundamental rights via T\&Cs through the prism of Article 14 DSA. We ask whether this provision requires platforms to apply EU fundamental rights law and to what extent this may curb the power of Big Tech over online speech. We conclude that Article 14 will make it possible, in principle, to establish the indirect horizontal effect of fundamental rights in the relationship between online platforms and their users. But in order for the application and enforcement of T\&Cs to take due regard of fundamental rights, Article 14 must be operationalized within the framework of the international and European fundamental rights standards. If this is possible Article 14 may fulfil its revolutionary potential.



},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Expert perspectives on GDPR compliance in the context of smart homes and vulnerable persons},

author = {Piasecki, S.},

doi = {10.1080/13600834.2023.2231326},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-07-11},

journal = {Information \& Communications Technology Law},

abstract = {This article introduces information gathered through 21 semi-structured interviews conducted with UK, EU and international professionals in the field of General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) compliance and technology design, with a focus on the smart home context and vulnerable people using smart products. Those discussions gave various insights and perspectives into how the two communities (lawyers and technologists) view intricate practical data protection challenges in this specific setting. The variety of interviewees allowed to compare different approaches to data protection compliance topics. Answers to the following questions were provided: when organisations develop and/or deploy smart devices that use personal data, do they take into consideration the needs of vulnerable groups of people to comply with the GDPR? What are the underlying issues linked to the practical data protection law challenges faced by organisations working on smart devices used by vulnerable persons? How do experts perceive data protection law-related problems in this context?},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie Hof van Justitie van de EU 28 april 2022 (Meta Platforms Ireland / Bundesverband der Verbraucherzentralen und Verbraucherverb\"{a}nde)},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_nj_2023_194/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-07-11},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

number = {194},

issue = {21},

pages = {3621-3623},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Gemeentelijke grip op private sensorgegevens: Juridisch kader voor het gemeentelijke handelingsperspectief bij de verwerking van private sensorgegevens in de openbare ruimte},

author = {Janssen, H. and Verboeket, L.W. and Meiring, A. and van Hoboken, J. and van Eechoud, M. and van den Brink, J.E. and Ortlep, R. and Bod\'{o}, B.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Gemeentelijke_grip_op_private_sensorgegevens.pdf},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-07-06},

note = {Onderzoek in opdracht van de gemeente Amsterdam},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {EU copyright law round up \textendash second trimester of 2023},

author = {Trapova, A. and Quintais, J.},

url = {https://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2023/06/30/eu-copyright-law-round-up-second-trimester-of-2023/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-06-30},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Media Concentration Law: Gaps and Promises in the Digital Age},

author = {Seipp, T.},

doi = {10.17645/mac.v11i2.6393},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-06-30},

urldate = {2023-06-30},

journal = {Media and Communication},

volume = {11},

issue = {2},

pages = {392-405},

abstract = {Power concentrations are increasing in today’s media landscape. Reasons for this include increasing structural and technological dependences on digital platform companies, as well as shifts in opinion power and control over news production, distribution, and consumption. Digital opinion power and platformised media markets have prompted the need for a re-evaluation of the current approach. This article critically revisits and analyses media concentration rules. To this end, I employ a normative conceptual framework that examines ”opinion power in the platform world” at three distinct levels (individual citizen, institutional newsroom, and media ecosystem). At each level, I identify the existing legal tools and gaps in controlling power and concentration in the digital age. Based on that, I offer a unifying theoretical framework for a “digital media concentration law,” along with core concepts and guiding principles. I highlight policy goals and fields that are outside the traditional scope yet are relevant for addressing issues relating to the digital age. Additionally, the emerging European Union regulatory framework\textemdashspecifically the Digital Services Act, the Digital Markets Act, and the European Media Freedom Act\textemdashreflects an evolving approach regarding platforms and media concentration. On a final note, the analysis draws from the mapping and evaluation results of a Europe-wide study on media pluralism and diversity online, which examined (national) media concentration rules.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Opinie: Internetproletari\"{e}rs aller landen verenigt u!},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/opinie_dommering_mediaforum-2023-3/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-06-30},

journal = {Mediaforum},

issue = {3},

pages = {85},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Beyond financial regulation of crypto-asset wallet software: In search of secondary liability},

author = {Barbereau, T. and Bod\'{o}, B.},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0267364923000390},

doi = {10.1016/j.clsr.2023.105829},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-06-22},

urldate = {2023-06-22},

journal = {Computer Law \& Security Review},

volume = {49},

number = {105829},

abstract = {Since Bitcoin, the blockchain space considerably evolved. One crucial piece of software to interact with blockchains and hold private-public key pairs to distinct crypto-assets and securities are wallets. Wallet software can be offered by liable third-parties (‘custodians’) who hold certain rights over assets and transactions. As parties subject to financial regulation, they are to uphold Anti-money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorist (AML/CFT) standards by undertaking Know-Your-Customer (KYC) checks on users of their services.

In juxtaposition, wallet software can also be issued without the involvement of a liable third-party. As no KYC is performed and users have full ‘freedom to act’, such ‘non-custodial’ wallet software is popular in criminal undertakings. They are required to interact with peer-to-peer applications and organisations running on blockchains whose benefits are not the subject of this paper. To date, financial regulation fails to adequately address such wallet software because it presumes the existence of a registered, liable entity offering said software. As illustrated in the case of Tornado Cash, financial regulation fails to trace chains of secondary liability. Alas, the considered solution is a systematic surveillance of all transactions.

Against this backdrop, this paper sets forth an alternative approach rooted in copyright law. Concepts that pertain to secondary liability prove of value to develop a flexible, principles-based approach to the regulation of non-custodial wallet software that accounts for both, infringing and non-infringing uses.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Leg het me nog \'{e}\'{e}n keer uit: het recht op een uitleg na Uber en Ola. Annotatie bij Hof Amsterdam, 4 april 2023},

author = {Metiko\v{s}, L.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/pi_2023/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-06-15},

journal = {Privacy \& Informatie},

issue = {3},

pages = {114-116},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@online{nokey,

title = {Dealing with opinion power and media concentration in the platform era},

author = {Seipp, T.},

url = {https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/medialse/2023/05/15/dealing-with-opinion-power-and-media-concentration-in-the-platform-era/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-06-15},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {online}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Improving Data Access for Researchers in the Digital Services Act},

author = {Dergacheva, D. and Katzenbach, C. and Schwemer, S. and Quintais, J.},

url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4465846},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-06-01},

abstract = {Joint submission in response to the Call for Evidence on the Delegated Regulation on data access provided for in the Digital Services Act (DSA). Article 40 DSA is a crucial provision to operationalize the regulation’s risk mitigation provisions vis-a-vis very large online platforms (VLOPs) and very large search engines (VLOSEs). In essence, Article 40 DSA enables data access to Digital Services Coordinators (DSCs) or the Commission, “vetted researchers” and other researchers, provided certain conditions are met. Our submission is predominantly concerned with the data access for vetted researchers and researchers in relation to VLOPs.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Niet Bern maar Brussel: assimilatie en reciprociteit tussen RAAP en VITRA},

author = {van Eechoud, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/auteursrecht_2023_2/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-05-23},

journal = {Auteursrecht},

issue = {2},

pages = {67-76},

abstract = {De vraag hoe traditionele reciprociteitsbepalingen uit het internationale auteursrecht uitgelegd moeten worden in het licht van EU recht treedt bij vlagen op de voorgrond. Nadat het HvJ EU met het RAAP/PPI-arrest een golf van onrust door het muzieklandschap veroorzaakte, krijgt het binnenkort de gelegenheid om zich uit te spreken over reciprociteit bij vormgeving. De Hoge Raad gaat in het geschil Kwantum/Vitra Collections prejudici\"{e}le vragen stellen. Mogen lidstaten artikel 2(7) van de Berner Conventie op eigen houtje toepassen, of is het deels of geheel aan de EU om te bepalen of werken van toegepaste kunst van buiten de EU gelijke behandeling verdienen? Deze bijdrage beziet die vraag vanuit het perspectief van intellectuele eigendom als fundamenteel recht, de uitdijende bevoegdheid van de EU en in het licht van aankomende wijzigingen in het Europese modellenrecht.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The right to encryption: Privacy as preventing unlawful access},

author = {van Daalen, O.},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0267364923000146},

doi = {10.1016/j.clsr.2023.105804},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-05-23},

journal = {Computer Law \& Security Review},

volume = {49},

abstract = {Encryption technologies are a fundamental building block of modern digital infrastructure, but plans to curb these technologies continue to spring up. Even in the European Union, where their application is by now firmly embedded in legislation, lawmakers are again calling for measures which would impact these technologies. One of the most important arguments in this debate are human rights, most notably the rights to privacy and to freedom of expression. And although some authors have in the past explored how encryption technologies support human rights, this connection is not yet firmly grounded in an analysis of European human rights case law. This contribution aims to fill this gap, developing a framework for assessing restrictions of encryption technologies under the rights to privacy and freedom of expression as protected under the European Convention of Human Rights (the Convention) and the Charter of Fundamental rights in the European Union (the Charter). In the first section, the relevant function of encryption technologies, restricting access to information (called confidentiality), is discussed. In the second section, an overview of some governmental policies and practices impacting these technologies is provided. This continues with a discussion of the case law on the rights to privacy, data protection and freedom of expression, arguing that these rights are not only about ensuring lawful access by governments to protected information, but also about preventing unlawful access by others. And because encryption technologies are an important technology to reduce the risk of this unlawful access, it is then proposed that this risk is central to the assessment of governance measures in the field of encryption technologies. The article concludes by recommending that states perform an in-depth assessement of this when proposing new measures, and that courts when reviewing them also place the risk of unlawful access central to the analysis of interference and proportionality.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Generative AI, Copyright and the AI Act},

author = {Quintais, J.},

url = {https://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2023/05/09/generative-ai-copyright-and-the-ai-act/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-05-09},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

abstract = {Generative AI is one of the hot topics in copyright law today. In the EU, a crucial legal issue is whether using in-copyright works to train generative AI models is copyright infringement or falls under existing text and data mining (TDM) exceptions in the Copyright in Digital Single Market (CDSM) Directive. In particular, Article 4 CDSM Directive contains a so-called “commercial” TDM exception, which provides an “opt-out” mechanism for rights holders. This opt-out can be exercised for instance via technological tools but relies significantly on the public availability of training datasets. This has led to increasing calls for transparency requirements. In response to these calls, the European Parliament is considering adding to its compromise version of the AI Act two specific obligations with copyright implications on providers of generative AI models: on (1) transparency and disclosure; and (2) on safeguards for AI-generated content moderation. There is room for improvement on both. 

},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@online{nokey,

title = {A Primer and FAQ on Copyright Law and Generative AI for News Media},

author = {Quintais, J. and Diakopoulos, N.},

url = {https://generative-ai-newsroom.com/a-primer-and-faq-on-copyright-law-and-generative-ai-for-news-media-f1349f514883},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-04-26},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {online}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Outsourcing Human Rights Obligations and Concealing Human Rights Deficits: The Example of Monetizing User-Generated Content Under the CDSM Directive and the Digital Services Act},

author = {Senftleben, M. and Quintais, J. and Meiring, A.},

url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4421150},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-04-26},

abstract = {With the shift from the traditional safe harbor for hosting to statutory content filtering and licensing obligations, EU copyright law has substantially curtailed the freedom of users to upload and share their content creations. Seeking to avoid overbroad inroads into freedom of expression, EU law obliges online platforms and the creative industry to take into account human rights when coordinating their content filtering actions. Platforms must also establish complaint and redress procedures for users. The European Commission will initiate stakeholder dialogues to identify best practices. These “safety valves” in the legislative package, however, are mere fig leaves. Instead of safeguarding human rights, the EU legislator outsources human rights obligations to the platform industry. At the same time, the burden of policing content moderation systems is imposed on users who are unlikely to bring complaints in each individual case. The new legislative design in the EU will thus “conceal” human rights violations instead of bringing them to light. Nonetheless, the DSA rests on the same \textendash highly problematic \textendash approach.



Against this background, the paper discusses the weakening \textendash and potential loss \textendash of fundamental freedoms as a result of the departure from the traditional notice-and-takedown approach. Adding a new element to the ongoing debate on content licensing and filtering, the analysis will devote particular attention to the fact that EU law, for the most part, has left untouched the private power of platforms to determine the “house rules” governing the most popular copyright-owner reaction to detected matches between protected works and content uploads: the (algorithmic) monetization of that content. Addressing the “legal vacuum” in the field of content monetization, the analysis explores outsourcing and concealment risks in this unregulated space. Focusing on large-scale platforms for user-generated content, such as YouTube, Instagram and TikTok, two normative problems come to the fore: (1) the fact that rightholders, when opting for monetization, de facto monetize not only their own rights but also the creative input of users; (2) the fact that user creativity remains unremunerated as long as the monetization option is only available to rightholders. As a result of this configuration, the monetization mechanism disregards users’ right to (intellectual) property and discriminates against user creativity. Against this background, we discuss whether the DSA provisions that seek to ensure transparency of content moderation actions and terms and conditions offer useful sources of information that could empower users. Moreover, we raise the question whether the detailed regulation of platform actions in the DSA may resolve the described human rights dilemmas to some extent.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Rechtbank Noord-Holland 28 december 2022 (Hendriks/Unibail Rodamco Nederland Winkels B.V.)},

author = {Hins, A.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_mediaforum_2023_nr4/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-04-25},

journal = {Mediaforum},

number = {4},

issue = {1},

pages = {49-51},

abstract = {De professionele nieuwsfotograaf Hendriks wil foto's maken in een groot winkelcentrum, maar krijgt daarvoor geen toestemming van de exploitant Unibail Rodamco. Hendriks vordert bij de rechtbank een verklaring voor recht dat het weigeren van de toestemming onrechtmatig is. De rechtbank wijst de vordering af omdat Hendriks nog wel foto's mag maken met niet-professionele apparatuur, zoals een mobiele telefoon. In de annotatie wordt ingegaan op de horizontale werking van artikel 10 EVRM en de botsing van diverse grondrechten: de vrijheid van nieuwsgaring, het recht op eigendom, de vrijheid van onderneming en het recht op privacy.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@book{nokey,

title = {Freedom of Expression, the Media and Journalists: Case-law of the European Court of Human Rights},

author = {McGonagle, T. and Voorhoof, D.},

url = {https://rm.coe.int/iris-themes-vol-iii-8th-edition-april-2023-/1680ab1d11},

isbn = {9789287184351},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-04-24},

urldate = {2023-04-24},

volume = {III},

publisher = {IRIS Themes, vol. III, European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg},

edition = {8th edition},

series = {IRIS Themes},

abstract = {This e-book provides valuable insights into the European Court of Human Rights’ extensive case-law on freedom of expression and media and journalistic freedoms. The first seven editions of the e-book (2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2020, 2021 and 2022) have proved hugely successful. The new seventh edition summarises over 378 judgments or decisions by the Court and provides hyperlinks to the full text of each of the summarised judgments or decisions (via HUDOC, the Court's online case-law database).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {book}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Fundamental rights assessment of the framework for detection orders under the CSAM proposal},

author = {van Daalen, O.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/csamreport/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-04-22},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Shielding citizens? Understanding the impact of political advertisement transparency information},

author = {Dobber, T. and Kruikemeier, S. and Helberger, N. and Goodman, E.},

doi = {10.1177/14614448231157640},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-04-21},

journal = {New Media \& Society},

abstract = {Online targeted advertising leverages an information asymmetry between the advertiser and the recipient. Policymakers in the European Union and the United States aim to decrease this asymmetry by requiring information transparency information alongside political advertisements, in the hope of activating citizens’ persuasion knowledge. However, the proposed regulations all present different directions with regard to the required content of transparency information. Consequently, not all proposed interventions will be (equally) effective. Moreover, there is a chance that transparent information has additional consequences, such as increasing privacy concerns or decreasing advertising effectiveness. Using an online experiment (N = 1331), this study addresses these challenges and finds that two regulatory interventions (DSA and HAA) increase persuasion knowledge, while the chance of raising privacy concerns or lowering advertisement effectiveness is present but slim. Results suggest transparency information interventions have some promise, but at the same time underline the limitations of user-facing transparency interventions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Export control of cybersurveillance items in the new dual-use regulation: The challenges of applying human rights logic to export control},

author = {van Daalen, O. and van Hoboken, J. and Rucz, M.},

doi = {10.1016/j.clsr.2022.105789},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-04-21},

journal = {Computer Law \& Security Review},

volume = {48},

abstract = {In 2021, the Recast Dual-Use Regulation entered into force. The regulation includes a heavily debated new provision on the export control of so-called cybersurveillance items. This provision departs from the traditional logic of export control rules in multiple ways. Most importantly, it positions human rights considerations as an important factor in the export control of a flexible range of technologies. This article explores the operation, implications and challenges of this new human rights-orientated approach to export control of digital surveillance technologies. Taking the definition of cybersurveillance items as a starting point of the analysis, the article draws on surveillance-related case law of the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union, to define the potential scope of application of the open-ended cybersurveillance concept of the Regulation. By exploring how this concept maps to technologies often connected with human rights infringements, such as facial recognition, location tracking and open-source intelligence, the article highlights the challenges of applying this new approach and underscores the need for its further development in practice.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@phdthesis{nokey,

title = {Money after money: Disassembling value/information infrastructures},

author = {Ferrari, V.},

url = {https://dare.uva.nl/search?identifier=30904422-2233-4400-bc5f-e7971b33f758},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-04-21},

abstract = {This manuscript is a journey through coexisting, emerging or speculated about, types of digital value transfer infrastructures. Using digital value transfer infrastructures as a central case study, this thesis is concerned with unpacking the negotiation processes that shape the governance, design and political purposes of digital infrastructures that are closely linked to the public interest and state sovereignty. In particular, the papers that are assembled in this manuscript identify and inspect three main socio-technical developments occurring in the domain of value transfer technologies: a) the privatization and platformization of digital payment infrastructures; b) the spread of blockchain-based digital value transfer infrastructures; c) the construction of digital value transfer infrastructures as public utilities, from the part of public institutions or organizations. Concerned with the relationship between law, discourse and technological development, the thesis explores four transversal issues that strike differences and peculiarities of these three scenarios: i) privacy; ii) the synergy and mutual influence of legal change and technological development in the construction of digital infrastructures; iii) the role of socio-technical imaginaries in policy-making concerned with digital infrastructures; iv) the geography and scale of digital infrastructures. The analyses lead to the argument that, in the co-development of legal systems and digital infrastructures that are core to public life, conflicts are productive. Negotiations, ruptures and exceptions are constitutive of the unending process of mutual reinforcement, and mutual containment, in which a plurality of agencies \textendash expressed through legal institutions, symbolic systems, as well as information and media structures - are entangled.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{nokey,

title = {Seeing what others are seeing: Studies in the regulation of transparency for social media recommender systems},

author = {Leerssen, P.},

url = {https://dare.uva.nl/search?identifier=18c6e9a0-1530-4e70-b9a6-35fb37873d13},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-04-21},

abstract = {This dissertation asks how the law can shed light on social media recommender systems: the algorithmic tools which platforms use to rank and curate online content. Recommender systems fulfil an important gatekeeping function in social media governance, but their actions are poorly understood. Legal reforms are now underway in EU law to impose transparency rules on social media recommenders, and the goal of this dissertation is to interrogate the accountability relations implied by this regulatory project. What kinds of information is the law demanding about social media recommender systems? Who is included in these new models of accountability, and who is excluded?

This dissertation critiques a dominant paradigm in recent law and policy focused on algorithmic explanations. Building on insights from critical transparency studies and algorithm studies, it argues that disclosure regulation should move from algorithmic transparency toward platform observability: approaching recommenders not as discrete algorithmic artifacts but as complex sociotechnical systems shaped in important ways by their users and operators. Before any attempt to ‘open the black box’ of algorithmic machine learning, therefore, regulating for observability invites us to ask how recommenders find uptake in practice; to demand basic data on recommender inputs, outputs and interventions; to ask what is being recommend, sooner than why.

Several avenues for observability regulation are explored, including platform ad archives; notices for visibility restrictions (or ‘shadow bans’); and researcher APIs. Through solutions such as these, which render visible recommender outcomes, this dissertation outlines a vision for a more democratic media governance\textemdashone which supports informed and inclusive deliberation about, across and within social media’s personalised publics.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 18 oktober 2022 (Chohan)},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_nj_2023_118/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-04-20},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

number = {118},

issue = {12},

pages = {2088-2090},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {EU copyright law round up \textendash first trimester of 2023},

author = {Trapova, A. and Quintais, J.},

url = {https://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2023/04/13/eu-copyright-law-round-up-first-trimester-of-2023/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-04-13},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {An end to shadow banning? Transparency rights in the Digital Services Act between content moderation and curation},

author = {Leerssen, P.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/endtoshadowbanning/},

doi = {10.1016/j.clsr.2023.105790},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-04-11},

urldate = {2023-04-11},

journal = {Computer Law \& Security Review},

volume = {48},

abstract = {This paper offers a legal perspective on the phenomenon of shadow banning: content moderation sanctions which are undetectable to those affected. Drawing on recent social science research, it connects current concerns about shadow banning to novel visibility management techniques in content moderation, such as delisting and demotion. Conventional moderation techniques such as outright content removal or account suspension can be observed by those affected, but these new visibility often cannot. This lends newfound significance to the legal question of moderation transparency rights. The EU Digital Services Act (DSA) is analysed in this light, as the first major legislation to regulate transparency of visibility remedies. In effect, its due process framework prohibits shadow banning with only limited exceptions. In doing so, the DSA surfaces tensions between two competing models for content moderation: as rule-bound administration or as adversarial security conflict. I discuss possible interpretations and trade-offs for this regime, and then turn to a more fundamental problem: how to define visibility reduction as a category of content moderation actions. The concept of visibility reduction or ‘demotions’ is central to both the shadow banning imaginary and to the DSA's safeguards, but its meaning is far from straightforward. Responding to claims that demotion is entirely relative, and therefore not actionable as a category of content moderation sanctions, I show how visibility reduction can still be regulated when defined as ex post adjustments to engagement-based relevance scores. Still, regulating demotion in this way will not cover all exercises of ranking power, since it manifests not only in individual cases of moderation but also through structural acts of content curation; not just by reducing visibility, but by producing visibility.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Copyright Content Moderation in the EU: Conclusions and Recommendations},

author = {Quintais, J. and Katzenbach, C. and Schwemer, S. and Dergacheva, D. and Riis, T. and Mezei, P. and Harkai, I.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/ssrn-id4403423/

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4403423\&s=09},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-03-30},

abstract = {This report is a deliverable in the reCreating Europe project. The report describes and summarizes the results of our research on the mapping of the EU legal framework and intermediaries’ practices on copyright content moderation and removal. In particular, this report summarizes the results of our previous deliverables and tasks, namely: (1) our Final Report on mapping of EU legal framework and intermediaries’ practices on copyright content moderation and removal; and (2) our Final Evaluation and Measuring Report - impact of moderation practices and technologies on access and diversity.

Our previous reports contain a detailed description of the legal and empirical methodology underpinning our research and findings. This report focuses on bringing together these findings in a concise format and advancing policy recommendations. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 7 oktober 2022 (X / ROC-Nijmegen)},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_mediaforum_2023_1/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-03-30},

journal = {Mediaforum},

number = {3},

issue = {1},

pages = {43-45},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@online{Irion2023,

title = {Privacy Peg, Trade Hole: Why We (Still) Shouldn’t Put Data Privacy in Trade Law},

author = {Irion, K. and Kaminski, M. and Yakovleva, S.},

url = {https://lawreviewblog.uchicago.edu/2023/03/27/irion-kaminski-yakovleva/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-03-28},

urldate = {2023-03-28},

abstract = {A Response to Profs. Anupam Chander \& Paul Schwartz’s Privacy and/or Trade.



Some principles are not well suited for negotiation through the international trade regime. Or rather, the international trade regime has never been the right forum for negotiating or enforcing human rights. The World Trade Organization’s (WTO’s) current approach to data privacy law both instantiates and illustrates this: it brackets data privacy as something trade law cannot well address, while illustrating the ways in which trade law superimposes its prioritization of trade liberalization atop other public values. Trade’s core framing prioritizes economic over human rights values. Beyond ensuring non-discriminatory treatment, trade law remains, in our view, the wrong place for both defining and enforcing rules on cross-border flows of personal data. Thus, while we welcome with open arms the thoughtful attention Professors Anupam Chander and Paul Schwartz pay to the current transnational struggle over data flows and digital trade, we cannot join in their optimism that trade law is the right forum for arbitrating it. },

howpublished = {University of Chicago Law Review Online, 27 March 2023},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {online}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {Remuneration rights and national treatment},

author = {Hugenholtz, P.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/frankel_chapter-33/},

doi = {10.4337/9781035310869.00050},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-03-28},

urldate = {2023-03-28},

booktitle = {Improving Intellectual Property: A Global Project, S. Frankel, M. Chon, G. Dinwoodie, B. Lauriat, J. Schovsbo (ed.), Edward Elgar Publishing},

pages = {341-352},

chapter = {33},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {FAIR, FRAND and open - The institutionalization of research data sharing under the EU data strategy},

author = {van Eechoud, M.},

doi = {10.4337/9781035310869.00047},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-03-28},

urldate = {2023-03-28},

booktitle = {Improving Intellectual Property: A Global Project, S. Frankel, M. Chon, G. Dinwoodie, B. Lauriat, J. Schovsbo (ed.), Edward Elgar Publishing},

pages = {319-329},

chapter = {31},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {Expressive genericity revisited: What EU policymakers can learn from Rochelle Dreyfuss},

author = {Senftleben, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/expressive_genericity_revisited/},

doi = {10.4337/9781035310869.00039},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-03-28},

urldate = {2023-03-28},

booktitle = {Improving Intellectual Property: A Global Project, S. Frankel, M. Chon, G. Dinwoodie, B. Lauriat, J. Schovsbo (ed.), Edward Elgar Publishing, 2023},

pages = {246-257},

chapter = {24},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Impact of content moderation practices and technologies on access and diversity},

author = {Schwemer, S. and Katzenbach, C. and Dergacheva, D. and Riis, T. and Quintais, J.},

url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4380345},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-03-23},

abstract = {This Report presents the results of research carried out as part of Work Package 6 “Intermediaries: Copyright Content Moderation and Removal at Scale in the Digital Single Market: What Impact on Access to Culture?” of the project “ReCreating Europe”, particularly on Tasks 6.3 (Evaluating Legal Frameworks on the Different Levels (EU vs. national, public vs. private) and 6.4 (Measuring the impact of moderation practices and technologies on access and diversity). This work centers on a normative analysis of the existing public and private legal frameworks with regard to intermediaries and cultural diversity, and on the actual impact on intermediaries’ content moderation on diversity.},

note = {D.6.3 Final Evaluation and Measuring Report},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie van de EU 22 november 2022 (WM, Sovim SA / Luxembourg Business Registers)},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_nj_2023_62/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-03-17},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

number = {62},

issue = {6},

pages = {1048-1051},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {How platforms govern users’ copyright-protected content: Exploring the power of private ordering and its implications},

author = {Quintais, J. and De Gregorio, G. and Magalh\~{a}es, J.C.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/computer_law_and_security_review_2023/},

doi = {10.1016/j.clsr.2023.105792},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-02-24},

journal = {Computer Law \& Security Review},

volume = {48},

abstract = {Online platforms provide primary points of access to information and other content in the digital age. They foster users’ ability to share ideas and opinions while offering opportunities for cultural and creative industries. In Europe, ownership and use of such expressions is partly governed by a complex web of legislation, sectoral self- and co-regulatory norms. To an important degree, it is also governed by private norms defined by contractual agreements and informal relationships between users and platforms. By adopting policies usually defined as Terms of Service and Community Guidelines, platforms almost unilaterally set use, moderation and enforcement rules, structures and practices (including through algorithmic systems) that govern the access and dissemination of protected content by their users. This private governance of essential means of access, dissemination and expression to (and through) creative content is hardly equitable, though. In fact, it is an expression of how platforms control what users \textendash including users-creators \textendash can say and disseminate online, and how they can monetise their content.



As platform power grows, EU law is adjusting by moving towards enhancing the responsibility of platforms for content they host. One crucial example of this is Article 17 of the new Copyright Directive (2019/790), which fundamentally changes the regime and liability of “online content-sharing service providers” (OCSSPs). This complex regime, complemented by rules in the Digital Services Act, sets out a new environment for OCSSPs to design and carry out content moderation, as well as to define their contractual relationship with users, including creators. The latter relationship is characterized by significant power imbalance in favour of platforms, calling into question whether the law can and should do more to protect users-creators.



This article addresses the power of large-scale platforms in EU law over their users’ copyright-protected content and its effects on the governance of that content, including on its exploitation and some of its implications for freedom of expression. Our analysis combines legal and empirical methods. We carry our doctrinal legal research to clarify the complex legal regime that governs platforms’ contractual obligations to users and content moderation activities, including the space available for private ordering, with a focus on EU law. From the empirical perspective, we conducted a thematic analysis of most versions of the Terms of Services published over time by the three largest social media platforms in number of users \textendash Facebook, Instagram and YouTube \textendash so as to identify and examine the rules these companies have established to regulate user-generated content, and the ways in which such provisions shifted in the past two decades. In so doing, we unveil how foundational this sort of regulation has always been to platforms’ functioning and how it contributes to defining a system of content exploitation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Gebruikersrechten door de achterdeur. Nationale implementaties van artikel 17 DSM-richtlijn en de uitspraak van het HvJ EU in de zaak Polen/EU (C-401/19)},

author = {Keller, P.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/nl/auteursrecht_2023_1/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-02-23},

journal = {Auteursrecht},

issue = {1},

pages = {12-17},

abstract = {Meer dan drie en een half jaar na de aanname van de richtlijn Auteursrecht in de eengemaakte digitale markt (CDSM), en anderhalf jaar na de deadline voor de implementatie, blijft het effect van de meest controversi\"{e}le bepaling ervan, artikel 17, grotendeels onduidelijk. Voor een buitenstaander is het nog steeds moeilijk om negatieve of positieve gevolgen te zien van de nieuwe aansprakelijkheidsregeling voor aanbieders van onlinediensten voor het delen van inhoud (OCSSPs), anders dan dat de overdreven beweringen dat artikel 17 ‘het einde van het internet zou betekenen of ‘de creatieve industrie zou redden’ onjuist zijn gebleken. In deze bijdrage wordt beschreven wat er met artikel 17 is gebeurd sinds het verstrijken van de implementatiedeadline. Wat weten we over nationale implementaties en de gevolgen daarvan voor platforms en hun gebruikers?},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Ongehoord Nederland! Underdog en waakhond.},

author = {Hins, A.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/nl/aa_wouter-hins-ongehoord-nederland-manuscript/

},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-02-23},

urldate = {2023-02-23},

journal = {Ars Aequi},

volume = {72},

pages = {114-117},

abstract = {Hoeveel ruimte moet er binnen de publieke omroep blijven voor een omroepvereniging met een radicaal andere visie op goede journalistiek? Enerzijds is het de taak van de Raad van Bestuur van de NPO ervoor te waken dat alle publieke media-instellingen betrouwbaar, zorgvuldig en professioneel handelen. Daar staat tegenover dat Nederland een lange traditie heeft van ideologisch geprofileerde omroepen die elk hun eigen visie op de waarheid mochten verkondigen.},

note = {Opinie},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@online{nokey,

title = {Protecting creatives or impeding progress? Machine learning and the EU copyright framework},

author = {Keller, P.},

url = {https://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2023/02/20/protecting-creatives-or-impeding-progress-machine-learning-and-the-eu-copyright-framework/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-02-20},

urldate = {2023-02-20},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {online}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Herberekening reserveprijzen},

author = {Kerste, M. and Kuczynski, A. and Poort, J. and Tieben, B.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/notitie-herberekening-reserveprijzen/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-02-17},

note = {SEO-notitie 2023-19},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Putting the DSA into Practice: Enforcement, Access to Justice and Global Implications},

author = {van Hoboken, J. and Quintais, J. and Appelman, N. and Fahy, R. and Buri, I. and Straub, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/vhoboken-et-al_putting-the-dsa-into-practice/

https://verfassungsblog.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/vHoboken-et-al_Putting-the-DSA-into-Practice.pdf},

doi = {10.17176/20230208-093135-0},

isbn = {9783757517960},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-02-17},

urldate = {2023-02-17},

publisher = {Verfassungsbooks},

abstract = {The Digital Services Act was finally published in the Official Journal of the European Union on 27 October 2022. This publication marks the end of a years-long drafting and negotiation process, and opens a new chapter: that of its enforcement, practicable access to justice, and potential to set global precedents. The Act has been portrayed as Europe’s new „Digital Constitution“, which affirms the primacy of democratic rulemaking over the private transnational ordering mechanisms of Big Tech. With it, the European Union aims once again to set a global standard in the regulation of the digital environment. But will the Digital Services Act be able to live up to its expectations, and under what conditions?},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {ChatGPT and the AI Act},

author = {Helberger, N. and Diakopoulos, N.},

url = {https://policyreview.info/essay/chatgpt-and-ai-act},

doi = {10.14763/2023.1.1682},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-02-16},

journal = {Internet Policy Review},

volume = {12},

issue = {1},

abstract = {It is not easy being a tech regulator these days. The European institutions are working hard towards finalising the AI Act in autumn, and then generative AI systems like ChatGPT come along! In this essay, we comment the European AI Act by arguing that its current risk-based approach is too limited for facing ChatGPT \& co.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Polen is plotseling de verdediger van de Europese grondwet. Een beschouwing over de zaak Polen/Europees Parlement: HvJ EU 22 april 2022, zaak C-401/19},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/nl/auteursrecht_2022_4/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-31},

urldate = {2023-01-31},

journal = {Auteursrecht},

volume = {2022},

issue = {4},

pages = {219-227},

abstract = {Dit artikel bevat een inleiding waarin de verandering in de communicatienetwerkomgeving wordt geschetst om te verduidelijken dat het systeem van de e-Commercerichtlijn niet goed meer past, maar waar toch nog dikwijls aan wordt gerefereerd (par. 1). Vervolgens wordt stilgestaan bij de constitutionele toetsing die het VEU introduceert (par. 2). Hiermee hangt samen dat een abstracte constitutionele toetsing aan de beperkingsclausules van het Handvest ingewikkeld is, een aspect dat in deze vorm in het auteursrecht nog niet eerder aan de orde is geweest (par. 3). Dat een dergelijke constitutionele

toetsing heel verschillend kan worden aangepakt, blijkt uit de conclusie van de A-G en het Hof, die daarom tegenover de aanpak van het Hof wordt gezet (par. 4 en 5). Het artikel rondt af met een analyse dat de inzet van de zaak is vrijheid van meningsuiting, maar dat het resultaat is meer overheidsinvloed op de filtertechnieken die censuur moeten voorkomen (par. 6).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Sax2023,

title = {Utilisme ‘on steroids’: effectief altru\"{i}sme, longtermism en uitlevering aan big tech},

author = {Sax, M.},

url = {https://www.nederlandseboekengids.com/20220125-marijn-sax/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-25},

journal = {De Nederlandse Boekengids},

volume = {2023},

issue = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {EU copyright law round up \textendash fourth trimester of 2022},

author = {Trapova, A. and Quintais, J.},

url = {https://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2023/01/13/eu-copyright-law-round-up-fourth-trimester-of-2022/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-13},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Popularity-driven Metrics: Audience Analytics and Shifting Opinion Power to Digital Platforms},

author = {Dodds, T. and Vreese, C. de and Helberger, N. and Resendez, V. and Seipp, T.},

doi = {10.1080/1461670X.2023.2167104},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-06},

urldate = {2023-01-06},

journal = {Journalism Studies},

abstract = {As digital technologies have made their way into news production, allowing news organizations to measure audience behaviors and engagement in real-time, click-based and editorial goals have become increasingly intertwined. Ongoing developments in algorithmic technologies allow editors to bring their audience into the newsroom using specialized tools such as Chartbeat or Google Analytics. This article examines how these technologies have affected the composition of the audience and their power to influence news-making processes inside two Chilean newsrooms. Drawing on several months of newsroom ethnography, we identify how the pursuit of “clickable news” impacts editorial processes and journalistic priorities by changing the datafied audience opinion power behind news production. Shifts in opinion power, loss of control, and increased platform dependency may contribute to a concentrated media landscape. Our findings show that opinion power has shifted to a datafied version of the audience, raising new questions about platform dependency and editorial autonomy in media organizations. These results carry significant implications for understanding the chase for traffic in current multiplatform newsrooms and how this phenomenon impacts news production.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Dealing with Opinion Power in the Platform World: Why We Really Have to Rethink Media Concentration Law},

author = {Seipp, T. and Helberger, N. and Vreese, C.H. de and Ausloos, J.},

doi = {10.1080/21670811.2022.2161924},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-03},

urldate = {2023-01-03},

journal = {Digital Journalism},

abstract = {The platformised news environment affects audiences, challenges the news media’s role, and transforms the media ecosystem. Digital platform companies influence opinion formation and hence wield “opinion power,” a normatively and constitutionally rooted notion that captures the core of media power in democracy and substantiates why that power must be distributed. Media concentration law is the traditional tool to prevent predominant opinion power from emerging but is, in its current form, not applicable to the platform context. We demonstrate how the nature of opinion power is changing and shifting from news media to platforms and distinguish three levels of opinion power: (1) the individual citizen, (2) the institutional newsroom and (3) the media ecosystem. The reconceptualization at the three levels provides a framework to develop future (non-)regulatory responses that address (1) the shifting influence over individual news consumption and exposure, (2) the changing power dynamics within automated, datafied and platform-dependent newsrooms, and (3) the systemic power of platforms and structural dependencies in the media ecosystem. We demonstrate that as the nature of opinion power is changing, so must the tools of control.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Irion2022e,

title = {De uitspraak C-817/19 van het HvJ EU inzake de PNR-richtlijn en de gevolgen voor nationale implementatiewetgeving en in het bijzonder de Nederlandse PNR-wet},

author = {Irion, K. and Es, R. van},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/preprint_irion_van-es_pnr-richtlijn/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-12-30},

journal = {Mediaforum},

volume = {2022},

number = {6},

pages = {185-192},

abstract = {Op 21 juni 2022 heeft het Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie (HvJ EU of Hof) een uitspraak gewezen in de zaak Ligue des droits humains.  Centraal in deze uitspraak staat de geldigheid van de Richtlijn (EU) 2016/681 van het Europees Parlement en de Raad van 27 april 2016 over het gebruik van persoonsgegevens van passagiers (PNR-gegevens) voor het voorkomen, opsporen, onderzoeken en vervolgen van terroristische misdrijven en ernstige criminaliteit (PNR-richtlijn).  In deze uitspraak legt het Hof interpretatieve beperkingen op met betrekking tot de omvang en de reikwijdte van de EU-brede beveiligingspraktijk rond luchtvaartpassagiersgegevens. Deze uitspraak zal de lidstaten vrijwel zeker dwingen de nodige wijzigingen in hun nationale implementatiewetgeving en praktijken aan te brengen, hetgeen zeer moeilijke praktische en juridische kwesties voor de lidstaten oplevert.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Towards a Normative Perspective on Journalistic AI: Embracing the Messy Reality of Normative Ideals},

author = {Helberger, N. and Drunen, M. van and M\"{o}ller, J. and Vrijenhoek, S. and Eskens, S.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/digital_journalism_2022_10/},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2022.2152195},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-12-22},

journal = {Digital Journalism},

volume = {10},

issue = {10},

pages = {1605-1626},

abstract = {Few would disagree that AI systems and applications need to be “responsible,” but what is “responsible” and how to answer that question? Answering that question requires a normative perspective on the role of journalistic AI and the values it shall serve. Such a perspective needs to be grounded in a broader normative framework and a thorough understanding of the dynamics and complexities of journalistic AI at the level of people, newsrooms and media markets. This special issue aims to develop such a normative perspective on the use of AI-driven tools in journalism and the role of digital journalism studies in advancing that perspective. The contributions in this special issue combine conceptual, organisational and empirical angles to study the challenges involved in actively using AI to promote editorial values, the powers at play, the role of economic and regulatory conditions, and ways of bridging academic ideals and the messy reality of the real world. This editorial brings the different contributions into conversation, situates them in the broader digital journalism studies scholarship and identifies seven key-take aways.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Freedom of Expression and the EU’s Ban on Russia Today: A Dangerous Rubicon Crossed},

author = {Fahy, R. and Voorhoof, D.},

url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4322452},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-12-22},

urldate = {2022-12-22},

journal = {Communications Law},

volume = {27},

issue = {4},

pages = {186-193},

abstract = {In RT France v Council, the General Court of the European Union found that the ban on RT France in the EU did not violate the right to freedom of expression and media freedom, under Article 11 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. Notably, the General Court sought to apply principles from case law of the European Court of Human Rights and international human rights law. This article argues that there are serious questions to be raised over the General Court’s reasoning in RT France, and the judgment arguably represents a deeply problematic application of European and international free expression principles.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {Is Spotify the New Radio? The Scope of the Right to Remuneration for "Secondary Uses" in Respect of Audio Streaming Services},

author = {Hugenholtz, P.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/is-spotify-making-available/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-12-16},

urldate = {2022-12-16},

booktitle = {Gestaltung der Informationsrechtsordnung: Festschrift f\"{u}r Thomas Dreier zum 65. Geburtstag, Fischer, Nolte, Senftleben \& Specht-Riemenschneider (ed.), C.H. Beck: M\"{u}nchen},

pages = {161-176},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Territoriality Roundtables (combined report)},

author = {van Eechoud, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/territoriality-roundtables-reportfinal870626_d4_4/},

doi = {10.5281/zenodo.7564660},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-12-14},

urldate = {2022-12-14},

abstract = {This report summarizes the outcome of two roundtables held with expert legal scholars on the need for a unified European copyright. Issues discussed include various models for a unitary copyright title and fundamental rights aspects.



The Roundtables are part of a strand of the Recreating Europe project that queries how the territorial nature of copyright and related rights can hinder the realisation of the digital single market. While for e.g., trademarks and designs the EU has legislated community wide rights that extend across borders of individual Member States, copyright and related rights remain national at heart. Authors, performers, phonogram producers, database producers and other related rights owners all acquire bundles of national rights in their respective (intellectual) productions. Despite far-reaching harmonization of the subject-matter, scope and duration of national rights, these rights remain restricted in their existence and exploitation to the geographic boundaries of the individual Member States under whose laws they arise, i.e., they are territorial.},

note = {ReCreating Europe, D4.4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {ALLEA Statement on Open Access Publication under “Big Deals” and the New Copyright Rules},

author = {Hugenholtz, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/12/12/allea-statement-on-open-access-publication-under-big-deals-and-the-new-copyright-rules/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-12-12},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Legal reform to enhance global text and data mining research: Outdated copyright laws around the world hinder research},

author = {Flynn, S. and Butler, B. and Carroll, M. and Cohen-Sasson, O. and Craig, C. and Guibault, L. and Jaszi, P. and J\"{u}tte, B.J. and Katz, A. and Quintais, J. and Margoni, T. and Rocha de Souza, A. and Sag, M. and Samberg, R. and Schirru, L. and Senftleben, M. and Tur-Sinai, O. and Contreras, J.L.},

doi = {10.1126/science.add6124},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-12-08},

urldate = {2022-12-08},

journal = {Science},

volume = {378},

issue = {6623},

pages = {951-953},

abstract = {Researchers engaged in text and data mining (TDM) research collect vast amounts of digitized material and use software to analyze and extract information from it. TDM is a crucial first step to many machine learning, digital humanities, and social science applications, addressing some of the world’s greatest scientific and societal challenges, from predicting and tracking COVID-19 to battling hate speech and disinformation. Although applications of TDM often occur across borders, with researchers, subjects, and materials in more than one country, a patchwork of copyright laws across jurisdictions limits where and how TDM research can occur. With the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights, and legislatures around the world, deliberating the harmonization of copyright exceptions for various research uses, we discuss policy measures that can ensure that TDM research is unambiguously authorized under copyright law.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Book review: Media Freedom, by Damian Tambini},

author = {Seipp, T.},

url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/10776990221143749},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/10776990221143749},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-12-07},

journal = {Journalism \& Mass Communication Quarterly},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@book{Broeders2022,

title = {Digital Sovereignty: from Narrative to Policy?},

author = {Broeders, D. and Csernatoni, R. and Irion, K. and Kaminska, M. and Monti, G. and Robles-Carrillo, M. and Soare, S. and Timmers, P.

},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/digital-sovereignty-from-narrative-to-policy/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-12-07},

urldate = {2022-12-07},

publisher = {EU Institute for Security Studies, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Leiden University},

abstract = {The debate in Europe about digital sovereignty, technological sovereignty, data sovereignty and strategic autonomy has been building over recent years at both the EU level and the level of individual Member States. While there has been much analysis of these new narratives of digital sovereignty and strategic autonomy, less attention has been paid to the alignment \textendash or misalignment \textendash between these narratives and the EU policies that would translate the concepts into everyday life. This lacuna was the point of departure for the EU Cyber Direct Research Seminar we organised on the 18th of March 2022 under the title Digital Sovereignty: From Narrative to Policy?, the results of which are published in this report. The seminar took the recent discussions and narratives about EU digital sovereignty and strategic autonomy as a starting point and asked what these narratives mean for the array of individual (EU) policies that will have to support a new strategically autonomous/geopolitical positioning of the Union: does the EU have the instruments, policies, institutions and political will to implement and substantiate its geopolitical ambitions? The contributions in this volume demonstrate that the EU has an important balancing act to perform in terms of policy, implementation and diplomacy in increasingly geopolitical times.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {book}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 25 februari 2022 (Google)},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_nj_2022_259/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-11-28},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

number = {259},

issue = {37/38/39},

pages = {4708-4709},

abstract = {Privacyrecht. Algemene Verordening Gegevensbescherming (AVG); verzoek verwijdering zoekresultaten; gevoelige persoonsgegevens (art. 10 AVG); maatstaf. Proceskosten in AVG-zaken; doeltreffende voorziening (art. 79 AVG en art. 47

Handvest Grondrechten EU).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie Hoge Raad 3 december 2021 (Hoist Finance AB)},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_nj_2022_258/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-11-28},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

number = {258},

issue = {37/38/39},

pages = {4640-4642},

abstract = {Prejudici\"{e}le beslissing op voet art. 392 Rv. Algemene verordening gegevensbescherming (AVG). Rechtsgrond verwerking persoonsgegevens in kredietregistratiestelsel BKR; recht op gegevenswissing; recht op bezwaar.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Using Terms and Conditions to Apply Fundamental Rights to Content Moderation},

author = {Quintais, J. and Appelman, N. and Fahy, R.},

url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4286147

https://osf.io/f2n7m/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-11-25},

journal = {German Law Journal},

abstract = {Large online platforms provide an unprecedented means for exercising freedom of expression online and wield enormous power over public participation in the online democratic space. However, it is increasingly clear that their systems, where (automated) content moderation decisions are taken based on a platform's terms and conditions (T\&Cs), are fundamentally broken. Content moderation systems have been said to undermine freedom of expression, especially where important public interest speech ends up suppressed, such as speech by minority and marginalized groups. Indeed, these content moderation systems have been criticized for their overly vague rules of operation, inconsistent enforcement, and an overdependence on automation. Therefore, in order to better protect freedom of expression online, international human rights bodies and civil society organizations have argued that platforms “should incorporate directly” principles of fundamental rights law into their T\&Cs. Under EU law, and apart from a rule in the Terrorist Content Regulation, platforms had until recently no explicit obligation to incorporate fundamental rights into their T\&Cs. However, an important provision in the Digital Services Act (DSA) will change this. Crucially, Article 14 DSA lays down new rules on how platforms can enforce their T\&Cs, including that platforms must have “due regard” to the “fundamental rights” of users under the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. In this article, we critically examine the topic of enforceability of fundamental rights via T\&Cs through the prism of Article 14 DSA. We ask whether this provision requires platforms to apply EU fundamental rights law and to what extent this may curb the power of Big Tech over online speech. We conclude that Article 14 will make it possible, in principle, to establish the indirect horizontal effect of fundamental rights in the relationship between online platforms and their users. But in order for the application and enforcement of T\&Cs to take due regard of fundamental rights, Article 14 must be operationalized within the framework of the international and European fundamental rights standards, and therefore allowing Article 14 to fulfil its revolutionary potential.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {forthcoming},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Compliance of National TDM Rules with International Copyright Law: An Overrated Nonissue?},

author = {Senftleben, M.},

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40319-022-01266-8},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-022-01266-8},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-11-25},

journal = {IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law },

volume = {53},

pages = {1477-1505},

abstract = {Seeking to devise an adequate regulatory framework for text and data mining (TDM), countries around the globe have adopted different approaches. While considerable room for TDM can follow from the application of fair use provisions (US) and broad statutory exemptions (Japan), countries in the EU rely on a more restrictive regulation that is based on specific copyright exceptions. Surveying this spectrum of existing approaches, lawmakers in countries seeking to devise an appropriate TDM regime may wonder whether the adoption of a restrictive approach is necessary in the light of international copyright law. In particular, they may feel obliged to ensure compliance with the three-step test laid down in Art. 9(2) of the Berne Convention, Art. 13 of the TRIPS Agreement and Art. 10 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty. Against this background, the analysis raises the question whether international copyright law covers TDM activities at all. TDM does not concern a traditional category of use that could have been contemplated at the diplomatic conferences leading to the current texts of the Berne Convention, the TRIPS Agreement and the WIPO Copyright Treaty. It is an automated, analytical type of use that does not affect the expressive core of literary and artistic works. Arguably, TDM constitutes a new category of copying that falls outside the scope of international copyright harmonization altogether.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Practical fundamental rights impact assessments},

author = {Janssen, H. and Seng Ah Lee, M. and Singh, J.},

doi = {10.1093/ijlit/eaac018},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-11-21},

journal = {International Journal of Law and Information},

volume = {30},

issue = {2},

pages = {200-232},

abstract = {The European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation tasks organizations to perform a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) to consider fundamental rights risks of their artificial intelligence (AI) system. However, assessing risks can be challenging, as fundamental rights are often considered abstract in nature. So far, guidance regarding DPIAs has largely focussed on data protection, leaving broader fundamental rights aspects less elaborated. This is problematic because potential negative societal consequences of AI systems may remain unaddressed and damage public trust in organizations using AI. Towards this, we introduce a practical, four-Phased framework, assisting organizations with performing fundamental rights impact assessments. This involves organizations (i) defining the system’s purposes and tasks, and the responsibilities of parties involved in the AI system; (ii) assessing the risks regarding the system’s development; (iii) justifying why the risks of potential infringements on rights are proportionate; and (iv) adopt organizational and/or technical measures mitigating risks identified. We further indicate how regulators might support these processes with practical guidance.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {De lange schaduw van de Koude Oorlog in de kunst: over kunst, kitsch, camp en dictatorkunst},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.nederlandseboekengids.com/20221114-egbert-dommering/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-11-18},

journal = {De Nederlandse Boekengids},

number = {6},

abstract = {Met Poetins invasie en de reactie daarop lijkt de Koude Oorlog nu dan echt teruggekeerd. Egbert Dommering leest Louis Menands recente en monumentale The Free World: Art and Thought in the Cold War en peilt de culturele betekenis van die terugkeer. Was de culturele deling tussen Oost en West ooit echt weg? Dachten we heus dat kunst ook apolitiek kon zijn? Doemt met de dictatorkitsch van Poetin c.s. vanzelf ook een terugkeer op naar een geopolitieke uitsortering van hoge en lage kunst?},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Actualisatie reserveprijs veiling 3,5 GHz},

author = {Tieben, B. and Kuczynski, A. and Vlaanderen, M. and Poort, J.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/actualisatie-reserveprijs-veiling-35-ghz/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-11-15},

publisher = {SEO Economisch Onderzoek/IViR},

note = {SEO-rapport 2022-96},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Intermediating data rights exercises: the role of legal mandates},

author = {Giannopoulou, A. and Ausloos, J. and Delacroix, S. and Janssen, H.},

doi = {10.1093/idpl/ipac017},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-11-15},

journal = {International Data Privacy Law},

volume = {12},

issue = {4},

pages = {316-331},

abstract = {Data subject rights constitute critical tools for empowerment in the digitized society. There is a growing trend of relying on third parties to facilitate or coordinate the collective exercises of data rights, on behalf of one or more data subjects.

This contribution refers to these parties as ‘Data Rights Intermediaries’ (DRIs), ie where an ‘intermediating’ party facilitates or enables the collective exercise of data rights. The exercise of data rights by these DRIs on behalf of the data subjects can only be effectuated with the help of mandates.

Data rights mandates are not expressly framed in the GDPR their delineation can be ambiguous. It is important to highlight that data rights are mandatable and this without affecting their inalienability in light of their fundamental rights’ nature.

This article argues that contract law and fiduciary duties both have longstanding traditions and robust norms in many jurisdictions, all of which can be explored towards shaping the appropriate environment to regulate data rights mandates in particular.

The article concludes that the key in unlocking the full potential of data rights mandates can already be found in existing civil law constructs, whose diversity reveals the need for solidifying the responsibility and accountability of mandated DRIs. The continued adherence to fundamental contract law principles will have to be complemented by a robust framework of institutional safeguards. The need for such safeguards stems from the vulnerable position of data subjects, both vis-\`{a}-vis DRIs as well as data controllers.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Opinie: Commerci\"{e}le datakluizen lossen problemen met big tech niet op},

author = {Janssen, H.},

url = {https://archive.ph/dQqU3},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-11-09},

journal = {De Volkskrant},

abstract = {Om de burger te behoeden voor de grote controle-, heers- en geldzucht van big tech, worden steeds vaker zogenaamde ‘datakluizen’ aangeboden. Maar zijn de digitale gegevens die we tikkend en klikkend vanuit die kluis delen wel beter af?},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Effects of an issue-based microtargeting campaign: A small-scale field experiment in a multi-party setting},

author = {Dobber, T. and Trilling, D. and Helberger, N. and Vreese, C.H. de},

url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01972243.2022.2134240},

doi = {10.1080/01972243.2022.2134240},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-11-08},

journal = {The Information Society},

abstract = {Political microtargeting is the subject of heated societal debate but not much is known about its effects, especially in non-US contexts. Microtargeting, used by political actors to send citizens tailored messages, could have the potential to overcome barriers that make generic political messages less effective. In this article, we present a small-scale field experiment, which serves as a case study to illustrate how microtargeting’s effects on citizens could be measured. The field experiment showed that receiving a microtargeted message via postal mail increased likelihood to vote for the microtargeting party, but this increase did not translate into actual votes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Goed bestuur en integriteit bij de publieke omroep},

author = {Hins, A.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/mediaforum_2022_5/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-11-03},

journal = {Mediaforum},

issue = {5},

pages = {158-163},

abstract = {Volgens artikel 2.3, lid 2, van de Mediawet moet de Raad van Bestuur van de NPO een gedragscode opstellen ter bevordering van goed bestuur en integriteit bij de eigen organisatie, de landelijke publieke media-instellingen en de Ster. Naar aanleiding van enkele incidenten werd dit onderwerp door de Tweede Kamer besproken op 7 juli 2022. De materi\"{e}le verplichtingen en het toezicht op de naleving daarvan lijken een onoverzichtelijke kluwen. Doel van deze bijdrage is een paar hoofdlijnen te onderscheiden en te bezien of de materie beter kan worden geregeld.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The DSA has been published \textendash now the difficult bit begins},

author = {van Hoboken, J. and Buri, I. and Quintais, J. and Fahy, R. and Appelman, N. and Straub, M.},

url = {https://verfassungsblog.de/dsa-published/},

doi = {10.17176/20221031-095722-0},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-31},

urldate = {2022-10-31},

journal = {Verfassungsblog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Testimony for PEGA hearing on spyware and fundamental rights},

author = {van Daalen, O.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/testimony_pega/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-27},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@online{Irion2022d,

title = {Repairing the EU Passenger Name Record Directive: the ECJ’s judgment in Ligue des droits humains (Case C-817/19)},

author = {Irion, K.},

url = {https://europeanlawblog.eu/2022/10/11/repairing-the-eu-passenger-name-record-directive-the-ecjs-judgment-in-ligue-des-droits-humains-case-c-817-19/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-24},

urldate = {2022-10-24},

abstract = {On 21 June 2022, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) handed down its judgment in Ligue des droits humains concerning the Directive 2016/681 on passenger name record data (PNR Directive). In Ligue des droits humains, the Court now ‘repairs’ the PNR Directive by means of a Charter-conforming interpretation and, without affecting its validity, significantly modifies the permissible scale and scope of the EU-wide security practice on passengers’ data. This post summarises how the ECJ assesses the validity of the PNR Directive in light of Articles 7, 8 and 52(1) of the Charter (the fundamental right to respect for private life, to protection of personal data, and the principle of proportionality, respectively). },

howpublished = {European Law Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {online}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Opinie: Leg wettelijk vast dat experts onderzoek mogen doen naar gaten in cyberbeveiliging},

author = {van Daalen, O.},

url = {https://www.volkskrant.nl/columns-opinie/opinie-leg-wettelijk-vast-dat-experts-onderzoek-mogen-doen-naar-gaten-in-cyberbeveiliging~bfa52cbb/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-13},

journal = {De Volkskrant},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {SLAPPed by the GDPR: protecting public interest journalism in the face of GDPR-based strategic litigation against public participation},

author = {Rucz, M.},

url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17577632.2022.2129614},

doi = {10.1080/17577632.2022.2129614},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-13},

urldate = {2022-10-13},

journal = {Journal of Media Law},

volume = {14},

issue = {2},

pages = {378-405},

abstract = {Strategic litigation against public participation is a threat to public interest journalism. Although typically a defamation claim underpins a SLAPP, the GDPR may serve as an alternative basis. This paper explores how public interest journalism is protected, and could be better protected, from abusive GDPR proceedings. The GDPR addresses the tension between data protection and freedom of expression by providing for a journalistic exemption. However, narrow national implementations of this provision leave the GDPR open for abuse. By analysing GDPR proceedings against newspaper Forbes Hungary, the paper illustrates how the GDPR can be instrumentalised as a SLAPP strategy. As European anti-SLAPP initiatives are finetuned, abusive GDPR proceedings need to be recognised as emerging forms of SLAPPs, requiring more attention to inadequate engagement with European freedom of expression standards in national implementations of the GDPR, data protection authorities’ role in facilitating SLAPPs, and the chilling effects of GDPR sanctions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Code of Best Practices on Creative Reuse for Immersive Experiences},

author = {van Gompel, S. and Meletti, B.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/870626_d4-11_immersive-experiences/},

doi = {10.5281/zenodo.7180861},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-10},

abstract = {This Code of Best Practices aims to help digital heritage curators and creators make informed decisions around the lawful reuse of existing materials in immersive experiences or other experimental products. It is based on the views and statements collected through a series of workshops with creators and curators of immersive experiences from the UK and the Netherlands. While the legal considerations included in this document refer primarily to UK and Dutch copyright law, this Code is written in such a way that it aims to be relevant to other European jurisdictions too.},

note = {ReCreating Europe, D4.11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {NIT S.R.L. t. Moldavi\"{e} (EHRM, 28470/12) \textendash Het EHRM introduceert intern pluralisme},

author = {Drunen, M. van},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/ehrc_updates_7okt2022/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-07},

journal = {European Human Rights Cases Updates},

abstract = {NIT t. Moldavi\"{e} draait om de vraag of een staat een uitzendvergunning mag intrekken om pluralisme te waarborgen. Het merendeel van de jurisprudentie van het EHRM over pluralisme heeft juist betrekking op de plicht die staten hebben om te verzekeren dat er voldoende mediabedrijven zijn die vrij zijn om hun eigen, diverse standpunten uit te dragen. NIT werd echter uit de lucht gehaald om pluralisme te beschermen: de Moldavische omroep had niet voldaan aan haar verplichting om in haar nieuws verschillende politieke standpunten gebalanceerd te presenteren. De Grote Kamer grijpt de zaak aan om haar jurisprudentie over de omstandigheden waaronder een staat de redactionele vrijheid van een mediabedrijf kan beperken om pluralisme te garanderen te ontwikkelen. Het EHRM oordeelt dat artikel 10 EVRM niet geschonden is.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {EU copyright law round up \textendash third trimester of 2022},

author = {Quintais, J. and Trapova, A.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/10/03/eu-copyright-law-round-up-third-trimester-of-2022/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-03},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@online{nokey,

title = {Moet fake news verboden worden? De toekomst van samen beslissen},

author = {Dommering, E. and Bruning, T. and Kruikemeier, S. and Smeets, H. and Maussen, M.},

url = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hm66bfgLn_o},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-18},

urldate = {2022-09-18},

abstract = {Debat georganiseerd door NVJ \& Arminius debatpodium. 



In St. Petersburg staat een fake-news-fabriek die de Nederlandse samenleving ondermijnt op Instagram, Youtube en Tiktok. De Russische staatszender RT is naar aanleiding van de oorlog in Oekra\"{i}ne door de Europese Unie verboden. Veel mensen zien fake news als een van de grootste hedendaagse bedreigingen van de democratie en regelmatig zijn er schandalen, zoals bij de Amerikaanse verkiezingen met Cambridge Analytica. Moet misbruik van de vrijheid van meningsuiting verboden worden? Wanneer is sprake van misbruik van de vrijheid van meningsuiting? En wie mag dat dan bepalen?  },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {online}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Study on media plurality and diversity online},

author = {Parcu, P.L. and Brogi, E. and Verza, S. et. al. and Irion, K. and Fahy, R. and Idiz, D. and Meiring, A. and Seipp, T. and Poort, J. 

},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/study-on-media-plurality-and-diversity-online/

https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2759/529019},

doi = {10.2759/529019},

isbn = {978-92-76-51323-0},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-16},

urldate = {2022-09-16},

publisher = {Publications Office of the European Union},

abstract = {The Study on Media Plurality and Diversity Online investigates the value of safeguarding media pluralism and diversity online, focusing on (i) the prominence and discoverability of general interest content and services, and on (ii) market plurality and the concentration of economic resources. With a focus on Europe, the project is funded by a tender from the European Commission to produce a study on Media Plurality and Diversity Online and involves four partner universities: CMPF (EUI); CiTiP (Centre for Information Technology and Intellectual Property) of KU Leuven; the Institute for Information Law of the University of Amsterdam (IViR/UvA); imec-SMIT-Vrije Universiteit Brussel. The purpose of the assignment was to describe, analyse and evaluate the existing regulatory and business practices in the two areas mentioned above, and finally to elaborate some policy recommendations. Data were collected from the database of the Media Pluralism Monitor (CMPF) and through desk research, online consultations and interviews with stakeholders. The contractor was able to call on a network of national experts across the Member States to support this work.},

note = {Report commissioned by European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology, written by Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom (CMPF), European University Institute, CiTiP (Centre for Information Technology and Intellectual Property) of KU Leuven, Institute for Information Law of the University of Amsterdam (IViR/UvA), Vrije Universiteit Brussels (Studies in Media, Innovation and Technology, VUB- SMIT)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{Sax2022,

title = {Algorithmic News Diversity and Democratic Theory: Adding Agonism to the Mix},

author = {Sax, M.},

url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21670811.2022.2114919},

doi = {10.1080/21670811.2022.2114919},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-14},

urldate = {2022-09-14},

journal = {Digital Journalism},

abstract = {The role news recommenders can play in stimulating news diversity is receiving increasing amounts of attention. Democratic theory plays an important role in this debate because it helps explain why news diversity is important and which kinds of news diversity should be pursued. In this article, I observe that the current literature on news recommenders and news diversity largely draws on a narrow set of theories of liberal and deliberative democracy. Another strand of democratic theory often referred to as ‘agonism’ is often ignored. This, I argue, is a mistake. Liberal and deliberative theories of democracy focus on the question of how political disagreements and conflicts can be resolved in a rational and legitimate manner. Agonism, to the contrary, stresses the ineradicability of conflict and the need to make conflict productive. This difference in thinking about the purpose of democratic politics can also lead to new ways of thinking about the value of news diversity and role algorithmic news recommenders should play in promoting it. The overall aim of the article is (re)introduce agonistic theory to the news recommender context and to argue that agonism deserves more serious attention.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {RADio \textendash Rank-Aware Divergence Metrics to Measure Normative Diversity in News Recommendations},

author = {Vrijenhoek, S. and B\'{e}n\'{e}dict, G. and Gutierrez Granada, M. and Odijk, D. and De Rijke, M.},

url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3523227.3546780},

doi = {10.1145/3523227.3546780},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-13},

journal = {RecSys '22: Proceedings of the 16th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems},

pages = {208-219},

abstract = {In traditional recommender system literature, diversity is often seen as the opposite of similarity, and typically defined as the distance between identified topics, categories or word models. However, this is not expressive of the social science’s interpretation of diversity, which accounts for a news organization’s norms and values and which we here refer to as normative diversity. We introduce RADio, a versatile metrics framework to evaluate recommendations according to these normative goals. RADio introduces a rank-aware Jensen Shannon (JS) divergence. This combination accounts for (i) a user’s decreasing propensity to observe items further down a list and (ii) full distributional shifts as opposed to point estimates. We evaluate RADio’s ability to reflect five normative concepts in news recommendations on the Microsoft News Dataset and six (neural) recommendation algorithms, with the help of our metadata enrichment pipeline. We find that RADio provides insightful estimates that can potentially be used to inform news recommender system design.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {In het Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam heeft het eigen gelijk een ereplek gekregen},

author = {Lamoree, J. and Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/in-het-stedelijk-museum-amsterdam-heeft-het-eigen-gelijk-een-ereplek-gekregen/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-10},

journal = {Vrij Nederland},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Copyright Content Moderation in the EU: An Interdisciplinary Mapping Analysis},

author = {Quintais, J. and Mezei, P. and Harkai, I. and Magalh\~{a}es, J.C. and Katzenbach, C. and Schwemer, S. and Riis, T.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/nl/copyright_content_moderation_in_the_eu/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-09},

urldate = {2022-09-09},

abstract = {This report is part of the reCreating Europe project and describes the results of the research carried out in the context of Work Package 6 on the mapping of the EU legal framework and intermediaries’ practices on copyright content moderation. The Report addresses the following main research question: how can we map the impact on access to culture in the Digital Single Market of content moderation of copyright-protected content on online platforms? },

note = {ReCreating Europe, August 2022},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Copyright Content Moderation in the EU: An Interdisciplinary Mapping Analysis},

author = {Quintais, J. and Mezei, P. and Harkai, I. and Magalh\~{a}es, J.C. and Katzenbach, C. and Schwemer, S. and Riis, T.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/09/07/copyright-content-moderation-in-the-eu-an-interdisciplinary-mapping-analysis/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-08},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@inbook{Irion2022c,

title = {§ 16 Digitaler Handel (Handels- und Kooperationsvertrag EU/GB Handbuch)},

author = {Irion, K. and Burri, M.},

editor = {G. K\"{u}bek, C.J. Tams, J.P. Terhechte},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/i-16-digitaler-handel-irion-burri-2/},

isbn = {978-3-8487-7188-2 },

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-01},

urldate = {2022-09-01},

publisher = {Nomos},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {New actors and risks in online advertising},

author = {Drunen, M. van and Buri, I. and Chapman, M. and Culloty, E. and Fahy, R. and Giannopoulou, A. and Gil Gonz\'{a}lez, E. and Meiring, A. and Strycharz, J. and Heuvelhof, C. ten},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/iris_special_1_2022/

https://rm.coe.int/iris-special-1-2022en-online-advertising/1680a744d7?c=199\&traversed=1},

issn = {2079-1062},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-01},

note = {IRIS Special 2022-1, European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@book{nokey,

title = {Freedom of expression, the Media and Journalists: Case-law of the European Court of Human Rights},

author = {Voorhoof, D. and McGonagle, T.},

url = {https://rm.coe.int/iris-themes-vol-iii-7th-edition-april-2022-final-/1680a65f50},

isbn = { 9789287184351},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-26},

abstract = {This e-book provides valuable insights into the European Court of Human Rights’ extensive case-law on freedom of expression and media and journalistic freedoms. The first six editions of the e-book (2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2020 and 2021) have proved hugely successful. The new seventh edition summarises over 360 judgments or decisions by the Court and provides hyperlinks to the full text of each of the summarised judgments or decisions (via HUDOC, the Court's online case-law database).},

note = {IRIS Themes, vol. III, 7th edition, European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {book}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Opinie: Staatspropaganda en uitingsvrijheid},

author = {Hins, A.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/opinie_mediaforum_2022_2/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-25},

journal = {Mediaforum},

volume = {34},

issue = {2},

pages = {45},

abstract = {Op 10 januari 2022 is de Europese Commissie een openbare raadpleging gestart inzake een nieuwe verordening op basis van art. 114 VWEU, genaamd ‘Europese wet inzake mediavrijheid. ’ Deze opinie bepleit om in de te toekomstige verordening vast te leggen dat publieke mediadiensten binnen de EU onafhankelijk moeten functioneren van de politieke macht. Het aanleggen van dezelfde criteria voor het doorgeven van programma’s die elders zijn uitgezonden is echter onevenredig.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The UK government moves forward with a text and data mining exception for all purposes},

author = {Trapova, A. and Quintais, J.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/08/24/the-uk-government-moves-forward-with-a-text-and-data-mining-exception-for-all-purposes/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-24},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Comment of the European Copyright Society on the impact and consequences of the CJEU decision in C-265/19 (RAAP) },

author = {Rognstad, O-A., and Benabou, V.L. and Metzger, A. and Sganga, C. and van Eechoud, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/ecs_raap/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-23},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Safeguarding Editorial Independence in an Automated Media System: The Relationship Between Law and Journalistic Perspectives},

author = {Drunen, M. van and Fechner, D.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/digitaljournalism_2022/},

doi = {10.1080/21670811.2022.2108868},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-16},

journal = {Digital Journalism},

abstract = {This article explores the relationship between legal and journalistic perspectives on the way editorial independence can be safeguarded in the context of automation. It aims to bridge two discussions. First, the journalism studies literature that has explored how automation challenges the way editors and journalists fulfil their role in newsrooms and society. Second, the legal discussion that is revisiting how the conditions for editorial independence can be created in a media system where automation is increasingly important. To do so, this article contrasts a normative framework that outlines the functions of editorial independence in European media law with interviews with editors and journalists involved in data journalism and news personalisation. It finds excellent potential for a complementary relationship between legal and journalistic perspectives on editorial independence. However, the challenges posed by automation fall outside the mechanisms through which this relationship has traditionally been operationalised.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 2 oktober 2020 (Stichting Lira / Ziggo, Delta Fiber Nederland \& Vereniging Rechtenoverleg voor distributie van audiovisuele producties)},

author = {Hugenholtz, P.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_nj_2022_225/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-03},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

number = {225},

issue = {30},

pages = {4168-4170},

abstract = {Auteursrecht. Vermoeden van overdracht auteursrechten op filmwerken aan producent film (art. 45d (oud) Aw); verhouding tot eerdere overdracht door auteur van zijn rechten aan collectieve beheersorganisatie. Collectief rechtenbeheer op grond van art. 26a Aw; begrip ‘doorgifte via de kabel’; moet worden teruggekomen van HR 28 maart 2014, NJ 2015/365 (Norma/NLKabel)?},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 8 februari 2022 (Demonstratie in de RAI bij vakbeurs)},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_nj_2022_222/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-02},

urldate = {2022-08-02},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

number = {222},

issue = {29},

pages = {4062-4065},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Study on the Open Data Directive, Data Governance and Data Act and their possible impact on research},

author = {van Eechoud, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/ki0822204enn-en/},

doi = {10.2777/71619},

isbn = {9789276536314},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-01},

abstract = {This study analyses the possible impact of three major legislative instruments in the European Sstrategy for data (the Open Data Directive, the Data Governance Act and the proposed Data Act) for the field of research, especially for research performing organisations and research funding organisations. It does so against the background of the European Open Science policy pursued, in which the development of a European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) is a major undertaking. Although the impact is difficult to assess at this stage, the study identifies and makes recommendations about key legal issues that need to be resolved. These have to do with ambiguities in the scope of application to research data, the interpretation of provisions, and the consistency between the instruments from the perspective of open science research policy.},

note = {Independent expert report commissioned by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Study on EU copyright and related rights and access to and reuse of data},

author = {Senftleben, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/ki0822205enn-en/},

doi = {10.2777/78973},

isbn = {9789276536321},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-01},

abstract = {EU legislation in the field of copyright, related rights and sui generis database rights can have a deep impact on access to data resources for scientific research and the availability of data resulting from publicly funded research. To establish a copyright and related rights framework that offers appropriate data access and reuse opportunities for scientific research, it is necessary to identify potential barriers and challenges that may arise from EU copyright and related rights legislation and corresponding rights management. This study analyses the interaction between copyright and related rights law and data access and reuse for scientific research purposes. It proposes legislative and non-legislative measures to improve the current EU regulatory framework.},

note = {Independent expert report commissioned by European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Doubling down on safety of journalists \textendash An analysis and positioning of OSCE Ministerial Council Decision No. 3/18 - Safety of Journalists (2018) in a wider context},

author = {McGonagle, T.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/nl/doubling_down_on_safety_of_journalists/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-22},

note = {Study commissioned by the Office of the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Another string to the bow of media freedom: An analysis of the Communiqu\'{e}s of the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media (2014 \textendash 2022)},

author = {McGonagle, T.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/nl/another_string_to_the_bow_of_media_freedom/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-21},

abstract = {Since 2014, the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media has issued 20 communiqu\'{e}s on a range of different themes relating to freedom of expression and information; media and internet freedom; and the safety and freedoms of journalists and other (media) actors. They were introduced as a new form of output that would have more depth and impact than regular

press releases or statements. This study provides an analysis of this corpus of communiqu\'{e}s. It examines their aims, instruments and formats used by the Representative to make political interventions and develop standpoints. The thematic analysis is grouped into the following rough categories: 1) enduring threats to freedom of the media and freedom of expression; 2) emerging threats to freedom of the media and freedom of expression; and 3) signature themes of the Office of the Representative. The signature themes are open journalism and safety of female journalists online \textendash the focuses of two recent flagship projects by the Office of the Representative. The picture that emerges from the analysis is one of complementary focuses and consistent approaches. Nevertheless, the conclusions offer a few modest recommendations to make future communiqu\'{e}s more distinctly recognisable as such and to further enhance the consistency across the growing corpus of communiqu\'{e}s.},

note = {Study commissioned by the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media, OSCE, Vienna},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Allocating Control in Decentralised Identity Management},

author = {Giannopoulou, A.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/erdal_2021_2/},

doi = {10.53136/97912599475299},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-21},

urldate = {2022-07-21},

journal = {European Review of Digital Administration \& Law - Erdal},

volume = {2021},

issue = {2},

pages = {75-87},

abstract = {Creating legal identity in the digital space involves the challenging task of addressing the datarelated responsibilities and obligations for data governance and data protection (by design and by default) to name a few. Substantially, it also requires the datafication of legal identity which means transposing all its properties and foundational traits inits corresponding data expressions and relations. As (digital) legal identity evolves from the fringes of purely technology-related challenges towards the legal and socio-technical, state institutions \textendashsovereignly responsible for delivering digital legal identities to citizens\textendash are acknowledging the polyvalent, non-monolithic, and relational characters of identitiesand they explore appropriate architectures. This paper sets out to explore the institutional turn towards decentralized digital identities. The claims surrounding these digital identities raise high hopes for the cross border digital identity provisioning being data protection and privacy compliant, technologically secure, and user-centric. This paper attempts to explore how the relevant accountable actors \textendashas recognized through the data protection normative framework\textendash are formed around the technological identity infrastructure.We highlight and examine the conflict between the European proposals on the provision of digital identity infrastructures through decentralized architectures and the concepts of data controllership in the GDPR.

},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Report on effect of digitisation and regulatory changes on access to cultural/creative goods and services},

author = {Martinelli, A. and Mazzei, J. and Nuvolari, A. and Poort, J.},

url = {https://zenodo.org/record/6779277#.YtkA5XZBy5e

https://www.ivir.nl/report-on-effect-of-digitisation-and-regulatory-changes-on-access-to-cultural-creative-goods-and-services/},

doi = {10.5281/zenodo.6779277},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-21},

urldate = {2022-07-21},

publisher = {ReCreating Europe},

abstract = {This report stems from the research conducted within the reCreating Europe 1 Work Package (WP) 2, which focuses on End-users and access to culture. It complements other final deliverables which include: a final report and public dataset on copyright flexibilities (D.2.3), a final policy brief on barriers for vulnerable groups (D.2.4), a final report on two empirical case studies assessing the impact of copyright perception and knowledge on the access of two specific groups of users who benefit of specific copyright exceptions (i.e. academics and persons with visual impairment) (D.2.8), a peer-reviewed publication on the impact of copyright law and perception on the demand for cultural goods and services (D.2.6), and final policy recommendations (D.2.9).},

note = {Part of Rethinking digital copyright law for a culturally diverse, accessible, creative Europe, ReCreating Europe},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Persvrijheidsmonitor 2021},

author = {Volgenant, O. and McGonagle, T.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/nl/mediaforum_2022_3/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-14},

journal = {Mediaforum},

issue = {3},

pages = {74-77},

abstract = {De persvrijheid staat wereldwijd onder druk. Ook in Nederland is sprake van een neerwaartse trend. Nederland daalde voor het derde jaar op rij een plekje op de jaarlijkse ranglijst van landen met de meeste persvrijheid. Nederland zakte in 2021 af naar de zesde plaats, en in 2022 duikelde Nederland zelfs naar de 28ste plaats. Er is kritiek op de gebrekkige wijze waarop overheidsinformatie wordt gedeeld, en de veiligheid van journalisten is een belangrijk aandachtspunt. De Europese Commissie rapporteert jaarlijks over de rechtsstaat in Nederland, en noemde in 2021 als aandachtspunten: toegang tot overheidsinformatie, bedreigingen van journalisten, en het openbaar maken van eigendomsstructuren van media. Dit laatste punt wordt ook door het Commissariaat voor de Media in de jaarlijkse Monitor voor de pluriformiteit van de media benoemd, in het licht van de trend van toenemende mediaconcentratie.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@misc{Network2022,

title = {The Right to Lodge a Data Protection Complaint: Ok, But Then What? An empirical study of current practices under the GDPR},

author = {European Data Protection Scholars Network

},

editor = {Irion, K. and Ausloos, J.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/gdpr-complaint-study-2/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-12},

urldate = {2022-07-12},

abstract = {This study examines current Data Protection Authorities' (DPA) practices related to their obligation to facilitate the submission of complaints, granting special attention to the connection between this obligation and the right to an effective judicial remedy against DPAs. It combines legal analysis and the observation of DPA websites, together with insights obtained from the online public register of decisions adopted under the ʻone-stop-shopʼ mechanism. This study was commissioned by Access Now.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {misc}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {In defense of offense: information security research under the right to science},

author = {van Daalen, O.},

doi = {10.1016/j.clsr.2022.105706},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-12},

journal = {Computer Law \& Security Review},

volume = {46},

abstract = {Information security is something you do, not something you have. It's a recurring process of finding weaknesses and fixing them, only for the next weakness to be discovered, and fixed, and so on. Yet, European Union rules in this field are not built around this cycle of making and breaking: doing offensive information security research is not always legal, and doubts about its legality can have a chilling effect. At the same time, the results of such research are sometimes not used to allow others to take defensive measures, but instead are used to attack. In this article, I review whether states have an obligation under the right to science and the right to communications freedom to develop governance which addresses these two issues. I first discuss the characteristics of this cycle of making and breaking. I then discuss the rules in the European Union with regard to this cycle. Then I discuss how the right to science and the right to communications freedom under the European Convention for Human Rights , the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights apply to this domain. I then conclude that states must recognise a right to research information security vulnerabilities, but that this right comes with a duty of researchers to disclose their findings in a way which strengthens information security.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {EU copyright law round up \textendash second trimester of 2022},

author = {Trapova, A. and Quintais, J.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/07/07/eu-copyright-law-round-up-second-trimester-of-2022/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-08},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Filtered Futures Conference: Exploring the Fundamental Rights Constraints of Automated Filtering After the CJEU Ruling on Article 17},

author = {Reda, F. and Keller, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/06/17/filtered-futures-conference-exploring-the-fundamental-rights-constraints-of-automated-filtering-after-the-cjeu-ruling-on-article-17/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-17},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@proceedings{Irion2022b,

title = {Algorithms Off-limits? If digital trade law restricts access to source code of software then accountability will suffer},

author = {Irion, K.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/facct22-125-2/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-17},

urldate = {2022-06-17},

abstract = {Free trade agreements are increasingly used to construct an additional layer of protection for source code of software. This comes in the shape of a new prohibition for governments to require access to, or transfer of, source code of software, subject to certain exceptions. A clause on software source code is also part and parcel of an ambitious set of new rules on trade-related aspects of electronic commerce currently negotiated by 86 members of the World Trade Organization. Our understanding to date of how such a commitment inside trade law impacts on governments right to regulate digital technologies and the policy space that is allowed under trade law is limited. Access to software source code is for example necessary to meet regulatory and judicial needs in order to ensure that digital technologies are in conformity with individuals’ human rights and societal values. This article will analyze the implications of such a source code clause for current and future digital policies by governments that aim to ensure transparency, fairness and accountability of computer and machine learning algorithms.},

howpublished = {In 2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT ’22), June 21\textendash24, 2022, Seoul, Republic of Korea. ACM, New York, NY, USA},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {proceedings}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {Defining the scope of AI ADM system risk assessment},

author = {Janssen, H. and Seng Ah Lee, M. and Singh, J. and Cobbe, J.},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-16},

booktitle = {Research handbook on EU data protection law, E. Kosta, R. Leenes \& I. Kamara (ed.)},

pages = {405-434},

publisher = {Edgar Elgar Publishing},

chapter = {16},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Data intermediary},

author = {Janssen, H. and Singh, J.},

doi = {10.14763/2022.1.1644},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-16},

journal = {Internet Policy Review},

volume = {11},

issue = {1},

abstract = {Data intermediaries serve as a mediator between those who wish to make their data available, and those who seek to leverage that data. The intermediary works to govern the data in specific ways, and provides some degree of confidence regarding how the data will be used.},

note = {Glossary of decentralised technosocial systems},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Personal Information Management Systems},

author = {Janssen, H. and Singh, J.},

doi = {10.14763/2022.2.1659 },

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-16},

urldate = {2022-06-16},

journal = {Internet Policy Review},

volume = {11},

issue = {2},

abstract = {Personal Information Management Systems (PIMS) seek to empower users by equipping them with mechanisms for mediating, monitoring and controlling how their data is accessed, used, or shared.},

note = {Glossary of decentralised technosocial systems},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Rb Noord-Holland 6 oktober 2021 (Kamerlid / LinkedIn Ierland \& LinkedIn Nederland)},

author = {Leerssen, P.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_computerrecht_2022_97/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-16},

journal = {Computerrecht},

number = {97},

issue = {3},

pages = {228-230},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {A Matter of (Joint) control? Virtual assistants and the general data protection regulation},

author = {Mil, J. van and Quintais, J.},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2022.105689},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-16},

journal = {Computer Law \& Security Review},

volume = {45},

abstract = {This article provides an overview and critical examination of the rules for determining who qualifies as controller or joint controller under the General Data Protection Regulation. Using Google Assistant \textendash an artificial intelligence-driven virtual assistant \textendash as a case study, we argue that these rules are overreaching and difficult to apply in the present-day information society and Internet of Things environments. First, as a consequence of recent developments in case law and supervisory guidance, these rules lead to a complex and ambiguous test to determine (joint) control. Second, due to advances in technological applications and business models, it is increasingly challenging to apply such rules to contemporary processing operations. In particular, as illustrated by the Google Assistant, individuals will likely be qualified as joint controllers, together with Google and also third-party developers, for at least the collection and possible transmission of other individuals’ personal data via the virtual assistant. Third, we identify follow-on issues relating to the apportionment of responsibilities between joint controllers and the effective and complete protection of data subjects. We conclude by questioning whether the framework for determining who qualifies as controller or joint controller is future-proof and normatively desirable.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Inbreng Rondetafelgesprek over de Wet kansspelen op afstand},

author = {Poort, J.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/inbreng-rondetafel_kansspelen_9juni2022/

https://debatgemist.tweedekamer.nl/debatten/wet-kansspelen-op-afstand},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-09},

urldate = {2022-06-09},

note = {Position paper voor Rondetafelgesprek van de Vaste commissie voor Justitie en Veiligheid, 9 juni 2022},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Algorithmic propagation: do property rights in data increase bias in content moderation? \textendash Part II},

author = {Margoni, T. and Quintais, J. and Schwemer, S.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/06/09/algorithmic-propagation-do-property-rights-in-data-increase-bias-in-content-moderation-part-ii/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-09},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Algorithmic propagation: do property rights in data increase bias in content moderation? Part I},

author = {Margoni, T. and Quintais, J. and Schwemer, S.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/06/08/algorithmic-propagation-do-property-rights-in-data-increase-bias-in-content-moderation-part-i/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-08},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 12 december 2021 (SENA/Organisatoren Dance Events)},

author = {Poort, J.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_auteursrecht_2022_2/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-07},

journal = {Auteursrecht},

number = {4},

issue = {2},

pages = {107-109},

abstract = {De zaak draait om de hoogte van de billijke vergoeding voor openbaarmaking van commerci\"{e}le fonogrammen tijdens dance-evenementen. De Hoge Raad bekrachtigt het arrest van het gerechtshof Den Haag, dat tot uitgangspunt had genomen dat tussen de ‘ticketprijs’ en de ‘prijs per bezoeker’ geen recht evenredig verband bestaat.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {De playlists van Spotify: Hoe ver reikt het nabuurrechtelijke vergoedingsrecht met betrekking tot audiostreamingdiensten?},

author = {Hugenholtz, P.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/auteursrecht_2022_2/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-07},

journal = {Auteursrecht},

issue = {2},

pages = {75-84},

abstract = {Op grond van art. 7 lid 1 WNR vallen onder het vergoedingsrecht voor ‘secundair gebruik’ alle mogelijke vormen van openbaarmaking van commercieel uitgebrachte fonogrammen, doch niet het online beschikbaar stellen. Algemeen wordt aangenomen dat het vergoedingsrecht niet geldt voor het streamen via Spotify en dergelijke diensten. Maar geldt dat ook voor de door Spotify aangeboden playlists en vergelijkbare omroepachtige diensten? In dit artikel wordt een poging gedaan criteria te formuleren aan de hand waarvan het ‘beschikbaar stellen’ van andere vormen van openbaarmaking kan worden onderscheiden.

},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Naar een algemeen transparantiebeginsel? : Bespreking van het preadvies van A.W.G.J. Buijze voor de VAR 2022},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/ntb_2022_5_141/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-07},

urldate = {2022-06-07},

journal = {Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Bestuursrecht},

number = {141},

issue = {5},

pages = {265-271},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The Meaning of “Additional” in the Poland ruling of the Court of Justice: Double Safeguards \textendash Ex Ante Flagging and Ex Post Complaint Systems \textendash are Indispensable},

author = {Senftleben, M.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/06/01/the-meaning-of-additional-in-the-poland-ruling-of-the-court-of-justice-double-safeguards-ex-ante-flagging-and-ex-post-complaint-systems-are-indispensable/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-02},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Choice Architectures in the Digital Economy: Towards a New Understanding of Digital Vulnerability},

author = {Helberger, N. and Sax, M. and Strycharz, J. and Micklitz, H.-W.},

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10603-021-09500-5},

doi = {10.1007/s10603-021-09500-5},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-24},

urldate = {2021-12-22},

journal = {Journal of Consumer Policy},

volume = {45},

issue = {2},

pages = {175-200},

abstract = {In the digital economy, consumer vulnerability is not simply a vantage point from which to assess some consumers’ lack of ability to activate their awareness of persuasion. Instead, digital vulnerability describes a universal state of defencelessness and susceptibility to (the exploitation of) power imbalances that are the result of the increasing automation of commerce, datafied consumer\textendashseller relations, and the very architecture of digital marketplaces. Digital vulnerability, we argue, is architectural, relational, and data-driven. Based on our concept of digital vulnerability, we demonstrate how and why using digital technology to render consumers vulnerable is the epitome of an unfair digital commercial practice.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Maintaining trust in a technologized public sector},

author = {Bod\'{o}, B. and Janssen, H.},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/polsoc/puac019},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-19},

journal = {Policy and Society},

abstract = {Emerging technologies permeate and potentially disrupt a wide spectrum of our social, economic, and political relations. Various state institutions, including education, law enforcement, and healthcare, increasingly rely on technical components, such as automated decision-making systems, e-government systems, and other digital tools to provide cheap, efficient public services, and supposedly fair, transparent, disinterested, and accountable public administration. The increased interest in various blockchain-based solutions from central bank digital currencies, via tokenized educational credentials, and distributed ledger-based land registries to self-sovereign identities is the latest, still mostly unwritten chapter in a long history of standardized, objectified, automated, technocratic, and technologized public administration. The rapid, (often) unplanned, and uncontrolled technologization of public services (as happened in the hasty adoption of distance-learning and teleconferencing systems during Corona Virus Disease (COVID) lockdowns) raises complex questions about the use of novel technological components, which may or may not be ultimately adequate for the task for which they are used. The question whether we can trust the technical infrastructures the public sector uses when providing public services is a central concern in an age where trust in government is declining: If the government’s artificial intelligence system that detects welfare fraud fails, the public’s confidence in the government is ultimately hit. In this paper, we provide a critical assessment of how the use of potentially untrustworthy (private) technological systems including blockchain-based systems in the public sector may affect trust in government. We then propose several policy options to protect the trust in government even if some of their technological components prove fundamentally untrustworthy.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The platformisation of digital payments: The fabrication of consumer interest in the EU FinTech agenda},

author = {Ferrari, V.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/computerlawsecurityreview_2022/},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2022.105687},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-19},

journal = { Computer Law \& Security Review},

volume = {45},

abstract = {This paper investigates, through a qualitative analysis of official documents, how certain imaginaries about technology filter into EU policymaking, allowing or accelerating the transformation of payment infrastructures into the platform economy.



One of the ways in which socio-technical imaginaries filter into policymaking is, it turns out, by informing an image of the consumer which serves to justify measures for the realization of a desired future. In particular, the documents offer a view of the consumer as an actor that is empowered by digitisation. The thesis of this paper is that this view of the consumer is partial: the rhetoric of consumer technological empowerment outweighs and conceals much needed considerations about the vulnerability of consumers vis-a-vis data-intensive payment technologies. Ultimately, the fault lies with the future imaginaries upon which such image is grounded. The vision of the digital payment infrastructure portrayed in the documents is in fact problematic for two reasons. First, the technologies that are portraited as desirable are chosen based on industry interests and trends rather than considerations of benefits and risks that these technologies entail. Secondly, the assumption that a liberalized market will offer more and better choices is flawed, as platformisation entails risks of monopolization and abuses of market power. We suggest that policymakers in this domain should be more critical of the risks entailed by platformisation, and open their imagination to alternative technological futures.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Between Filters and Fundamental Rights: How the Court of Justice saved Article 17 in C-401/19 - Poland v. Parliament and Council},

author = {Quintais, J.},

url = {https://verfassungsblog.de/filters-poland/?s=09},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-16},

journal = {Verfassungsblog},

abstract = {On 26 April 2022, the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU or Court) delivered its much awaited judgement in Case C-401/19 \textendash Poland v Parliament and Council. The case focuses on the validity of Article 17 of the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive (CDSMD) in light of fundamental rights. The judgment marks the climax of a turbulent journey in the area of copyright law, with potential implications for the future of platform regulation and content moderation in EU law.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Opinion of the European Copyright Society on selected aspects of the proposed Data Act},

author = {Derclaye E. and van Eechoud, M. and Husovec, M. and Senftleben, M.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/05/16/opinion-of-the-european-copyright-society-on-selected-aspects-of-the-proposed-data-act/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-16},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@workingpaper{nokey,

title = {Groundhog Day in Geneva: The WIPO Broadcasting Treaty is on the Agenda Once Again},

author = {Hugenholtz, P.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/the-wipo-broadcasting-treaty-revisited/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-06},

note = {Draft paper prepared for American University International Law Review Symposium on the Right

to Research in International Copyright Law, April 22, 2022},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {workingpaper}

}

@misc{nokey,

title = {Video recording of the COMMUNIA Salon on the CJEU decision on Article 17 (Case C-401/19)},

author = {Keller, P. and Reda, F. and Quintais, J. and Giorello, M.},

url = {https://www.communia-association.org/2022/05/04/video-recording-of-the-communia-salon-on-the-cjeu-decision-on-article-17/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-04},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Closing the normative gap: What ten years of Human Rights Council Resolutions tell us about its approach to the safety of journalists },

author = {Chocarro, S. and Harrison,J. and McGonagle, T. and Parmar, S. and Torsner, S. },

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/nl/closing-the-normative-gap/

https://www.article19.org/resources/world-press-freedom-day-journalism-under-siege/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-03},

urldate = {2022-05-03},

abstract = {In the last ten years, there have been high levels of development of normative work within the United Nations (UN) system on the issue of the safety of journalists. Since the approval of the UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity in 2012, the first ever UN strategy on this matter, and the subsequent first Human Rights Council (HRC) Resolution on the safety of journalists that same year, fifteen resolutions have been adopted by the principal UN Charter-based bodies, namely the Security Council, the General Assembly and the HRC, and also UNESCO.

The HRC resolutions, which have been adopted on a biennial basis, have proven to be the most progressive in addressing the safety of journalists from a human rights-based perspective. However, the main challenge remains their effective implementation. How have these resolutions evolved and what do they reveal about how the issue of the safety of journalists is addressed by the HRC? What are the shortcomings and gaps in the protection of the safety of journalists offered by this set of resolutions?

To answer these questions, this paper first undertakes a qualitative document analysis of HRC resolutions. It then analyzes the development of these resolutions from a humanrights perspective. Finally, based on this analysis, it identifies the normative gaps that should be addressed in order to properly respond to the most pressing challenges to the safety of journalists in the years to come. 

},

note = {Working paper, the seventh Academic Conference on the Safety of Journalists, jointly organised by the University of the Republic and UNESCO, World Press Freedom Day in Punta del Este, Uruguay},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Article 17 survives, but freedom of expression safeguards are key: C-401/19 \textendash Poland v Parliament and Council},

author = {Quintais, J.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/04/26/article-17-survives-but-freedom-of-expression-safeguards-are-key-c-401-19-poland-v-parliament-and-council/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-02},

urldate = {2022-05-02},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {AI Music Outputs: Challenges to the Copyright Legal Framework \textendash Part II},

author = {Bulayenko, O. and Poort, J. and Quintais, J. and Gervais, D.J.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/04/25/ai-music-outputs-challenges-to-the-copyright-legal-framework-part-ii/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-02},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {CJEU upholds Article 17, but not in the form (most) Member States imagined},

author = {Reda, F. and Keller, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/04/28/cjeu-upholds-article-17-but-not-in-the-form-most-member-states-imagined/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-28},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {AI Music Outputs: Challenges to the Copyright Legal Framework \textendash Part I},

author = {Bulayenko, O. and Quintais, J. and Poort, J. and Gervais, D.J.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/04/22/ai-music-outputs-challenges-to-the-copyright-legal-framework-part-i/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-22},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie van de EU 8 september 2020 (Recorded Artists Actors Performers / Phonographic Performance (Ireland))},

author = {Hugenholtz, P.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_nj_2022_126/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-19},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

number = {126},

issue = {15},

pages = {2384-2386},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Robustness Check: Evaluating and Strengthening Artistic Use Defences in EU Trademark Law},

author = {Senftleben, M.},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-022-01182-x},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-12},

urldate = {2022-04-12},

journal = {IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law },

volume = {53},

number = {4},

pages = {567-603},

abstract = {The 2015 EU trademark law reform introduced a peculiar rule for reconciling trademark rights with freedom of artistic expression. According to Recital 21 EUTMR and Recital 27 TMD, artistic use can be deemed fair as long as the artist ensures compliance with “honest practices in industrial and commercial matters”. The honest practices proviso forges a link with the provisions on limitations of trademark rights. Article 14(1) EUTMR and Art. 14(1) TMD exempt from the control of trademark proprietors several types of use that can allow for artistic use. All these limitations, however, apply only when the use satisfies the test of honest practices. Confirming the obligation to comply with honest practices in industrial and commercial matters, the fairness rule of Recital 21 EUTMR and Recital 27 TMD turns out to be a double-edged sword. Instead of readily immunizing artistic use against trademark claims, it obliges artists to rely on limitations of trademark rights and furnish corresponding proof. Moreover, artists are expected to align their artistic activity with behavioural standards in the field of industry and commerce \textendash a realm that is alien to the artistic community. Evidently, this approach endangers artistic autonomy. To avoid detrimental effects on artistic expression, it is advisable to strengthen the position of artists and develop a legal solution that resembles the measures taken in Art. 9(3)(f) EUTMR and Art. 10(3)(f) TMD with regard to freedom of commercial expression. Drawing inspiration from cultural sciences and case law on both sides of the Atlantic, the analysis explores avenues for achieving this goal.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Senftleben2021,

title = {Ensuring the Visibility and Accessibility of European Creative Content on the World Market: The Need for Copyright Data Improvement in the Light of New Technologies},

author = {Senftleben, M. and Margoni, T. and Antal, D. and Bod\'{o}, B. and van Gompel, S. and Handke, C.W. and Kretschmer, M. and Poort, J. and Quintais, J. and Schwemer, S.},

url = {https://www.jipitec.eu/issues/jipitec-13-1-2022/5515

https://www.ivir.nl/jipitec_2022/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-12},

urldate = {2021-03-23},

journal = {JIPITEC},

volume = {13},

issue = {1},

pages = {67-86},

abstract = {In the European Strategy for Data, the European Commission highlighted the EU’s ambition to acquire a leading role in the data economy. At the same time, the Commission conceded that the EU would have to increase its pools of quality data available for use and re-use. In the creative industries, this need for enhanced data quality and interoperability is particularly strong. Without data improvement, unprecedented opportunities for monetising the wide variety of EU creative and making this content available for new technologies, such as artificial intelligence training systems, will most probably be lost. The problem has a worldwide dimension. While the US have already taken steps to provide an integrated data space for music as of 1 January 2021, the EU is facing major obstacles not only in the field of music but also in other creative industry sectors. Weighing costs and benefits, there can be little doubt that new data improvement initiatives and sufficient investment in a better copyright data infrastructure should play a central role in EU copyright policy. A trade-off between data harmonisation and interoperability on the one hand, and transparency and accountability of content recommender systems on the other, could pave the way for successful new initiatives.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Knock Knock Who's There? Tussenpersonen, persoonsgegevens en de kunst van het juiste evenwicht},

author = {Alberdingk Thijm, Chr. A.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/nl/aa_2022/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-08},

journal = {Ars Aequi},

issue = {april},

pages = {279-288},

abstract = {Wat te doen als je op Twitter door een anoniem profiel voor rotte vis wordt uitgemaakt? Het Nederlandse recht biedt verschillende mogelijkheden om identificerende gegevens te verkrijgen van internettussenpersonen. Maar hoe wordt de afweging met de bescherming van de persoonsgegevens van de anonymus gemaakt? Hoe verhoudt het recht op een doeltreffende voorziening in rechte zich tot het gegevensbeschermingsrecht? Het Hof van Justitie schrijft voor dat bij botsende

fundamentele rechten het ‘juiste evenwicht’ moet worden gevonden. Dat blijkt de Nederlandse rechter nog niet zo eenvoudig te vinden, zo wordt duidelijk bij de bespreking van het Dutch FilmWorks-arrest in dit artikel.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {De CoronaMelder door een economische lens},

author = {Poort, J.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/tpedigitaal_2022_2/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-08},

journal = {TPEdigitaal},

volume = {16},

issue = {2},

pages = {48-60},

abstract = {In oktober 2020 lanceerde Nederland de CoronaMelder-app voor geautomatiseerd onderzoek naar blootstelling aan het Covid-19 virus. Een tentatieve analyse van de maatschappelijke kosten en baten van de app suggereert dat de baten in evenwicht zijn met de kosten, zelfs als alleen wordt gekeken naar de bespaarde levensjaren door het voorkomen van sterfgevallen. Het percentage van de positieve tests dat door de app teweeg wordt gebracht, is de sleutel tot de positieve bijdrage ervan aan de maatschappelijke welvaart. Dit percentage is aanzienlijk lager voor de app dan voor handmatig contactonderzoek door de GGD, wat erop wijst dat de app effici\"{e}nt kan zijn als aanvulling op handmatig contactonderzoek, maar niet als vervanging daarvan.

},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {EU copyright law round up \textendash first trimester of 2022},

author = {Quintais, J. and Trapova, A.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/04/06/eu-copyright-law-round-up-first-trimester-of-2022/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-07},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {AI Music Outputs: Challenges to the Copyright Legal Framework},

author = {Bulayenko, O. and Quintais, J. and Gervais, D.J. and Poort, J.},

url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4072806

https://www.ivir.nl/870626_d3-5-final-report-on-the-impact-of-ia-authorship_formatted-1/},

doi = {10.5281/zenodo.6405796},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-01},

urldate = {2022-04-07},

abstract = {This report examines the application of EU copyright and related rights law to outputs generated by or with the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, tools or techniques (AI outputs), with a focus on outputs in the musical domain. The Report examines the question: How can and should EU copyright and related rights law protect AI musical outputs? The interdisciplinary (legal and empirical) research involves: (i) analyzing of the protection of AI outputs under EU copyright and related rights law; (ii) examining the attribution of authorship and ownership to (natural and legal) persons involved in the creation or production of AI outputs; (iii) proposing interpretative guidelines and policy recommendations on increasing legal certainty regarding the protection, authorship, and ownership of copyright and related rights over AI outputs, especially music outputs.},

note = {reCreating Europe report, D3.5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Grondrechten voor de vijand},

author = {Hins, A.},

url = {https://www.montesquieu-instituut.nl/id/vlrjjfj3ptw8/nieuws/grondrechthttps://www.ivir.nl/hofvijver-28-maart-2022-opinie-grondrechten-voor-de-vijand/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-28},

journal = {De Hofvijver},

volume = {12},

issue = {129},

abstract = {Op 1 maart 2022 besloot de Raad van de Europese Unie tot een algemeen verbod op het doorgeven van de Russische propagandazenders RT (Russia Today) en Sputnik. In deze opinie wordt het standpunt ingenomen dat desinformatie moet worden bestreden, maar dat het middel van censuur erger is dan de kwaal.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@conference{Irion2022,

title = {The General Data Protection Regulation though the lens of digital sovereignty},

author = {Irion, K.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/irion-gdpr-and-digital-sovereignty-11mar22/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-28},

urldate = {2022-03-28},

booktitle = {EU CYBER DIRECT RESEARCH SEMINAR},

abstract = {This short contribution will present and discuss the European Union’s (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) through the lens of ‘digital sovereignty. When high-ranking representatives of EU institutions endorsed digital sovereignty this has been interpreted as a signpost for a new-found assertiveness in EU digital policy. However, digital sovereignty is conceptually fuzzy and is used to animate a wide spectrum of geopolitical, normative, and industrial ambitions. In the context of the GDPR it makes sense to operationalize digital sovereignty as the ability of rules to assert authority in a global and interdependent digital ecosystem. Conceived this way, I will reflect on how the GDPR wields transnational capacity by design in the form of safeguards against inbound and outbound circumvention.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@article{Rucz2022b,

title = {Contribution to the public consultation on the European Media Freedom Act},

author = {Rucz, M. and Irion, K. and Senftleben, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/position-paper-european-media-freedom-act-consultation-2/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-28},

urldate = {2022-03-28},

abstract = {The announcement of the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA) has provided an important impulse for the development of new legal rules seeking to safeguard and support a free and pluralistic media environment in the European Union (EU). As indicated by Commissioners Vv{e}ra Jourov  and Thierry Breton, the initiative is set to address a wide range of persisting challenges faced by European media outlets, including political and economic pressures, unjustified interference with editorial independence, failing business models supporting journalism and issues surrounding media pluralism. Considering the broad spectrum of concerns and the centrality of a pluralist media environment for the health of democracies, the European Commission’s commitment to the EMFA is commendable and urgent. With this submission, we would like to take the opportunity to respond to the European Commission’s public consultation on the EMFA.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {De toekomst van de digitale rechtsstaat. Pleidooi voor het gebruik van een mensenrechten impact assessment voor de publieke sector},

author = {Janssen, H.},

url = {https://www.globalacademicpress.com/ebooks/sascha_hardt/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-25},

urldate = {2022-03-25},

booktitle = {(L)aw Matters: Blogs and Essays in Honour of prof. dr. Aalt Willem Hering},

pages = {198-204},

publisher = {Boekenmaker},

chapter = {34},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@misc{nokey,

title = {Online prijsdiscriminatie: heeft iedereen zijn prijs?},

author = {Poort, J. and Zuiderveen Borgesius, F.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/prijsdiscriminatie-aac/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-17},

note = {presentatie Amsterdamse Academische Club},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}